Effect of Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew) on expression of some genes involved in resistance reaction in barley
|
Seyedeh Sanaz Ramezanpour * , Hassan Soltanloo , Saied Navabpour |
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran , ramezanpours@gau.ac.ir |
|
Abstract: (2383 Views) |
To evaluate the effect of fungus Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew disease) on expression of genes associated with resistance reactions in barley, a susceptible cultivar (Afzal), a semi-susceptible genotype (Line 67) and a resistant genotype (Line 104) were selected. Following inoculation with Blumeria graminis at seedling stage, sampling was performed at different time points (0-10 days). Changes in gene expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR analysis. Analysis of molecular data showed that the genes encoding chitinase and glucanase as the key enzymes in fungal cell wall degradation, had higher expression levels in the resistant genotype (Line 104). The transcript level of chitinase in semi-susceptible genotype (Line 67) was lower than that of the resistant genotype (Line 104) and higher than that of the susceptible cultivar. Most transcripts of chitinase gene were seen at 12 hours post inoculation in the resistant genotype (Line 104), whereas the lowest expression level was recorded at the same time in the susceptible cultivar. The expression levels of the other two genes (glucanase and peroxidase) were higher in the resistant genotype (Line 104) than those in the susceptible cultivar. Increasing in MAPK transcripts in resistant genotype (Line 104) and its depletion in susceptible cultivar confirmed MAPK role in Hypersensitive response (HR) and defense responses of barley infected with powdery mildew disease. Based on the findings of this study, it appears that the HR in the resistant genotype initiated as early as six hours post inoculation, effectively hindering the penetration and dissemination of the pathogen within the plant. Such reaction was not observed in the semi-susceptible and susceptible barley plants, possibly due to delayed in responses, allowing the pathogen ample time to penetrate and propagate within the host plant. The results of this research can be used to evaluate the resistance level of cultivars and also to evaluate the resistance in the seedling stage of promising lines. |
|
Keywords: Peroxidase, Barley, Powdery mildew, Chitinase, Glucanase, MAPK |
|
Full-Text [PDF 2121 kb]
(614 Downloads)
|
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Molecular genetics
|
|
|
|
|
References |
1. Akagi, A., Dandekar, A.M. and U Stotz, H. (2011). Resistance of Malus domestica fruit to Botrytis cinerea depends on endogenous ethylene biosynthesis. Phytopathology, 101: 1311-1321. [ DOI:10.1094/PHYTO-03-11-0087] 2. Al-Harazi, M. (2004). Barley in the Republic of Yemen. 9th International Barley Genetics Symposium, Brno, Czech Republic. 3. Balasubramanian, V., Vashisht, D., Cletus, J. and Sakthivel, N. (2012). Plant β-1,3-glucanases: Their biological functions and transgenic expression against phytopathogenic fungi. Biotechnology Letters, 34: 1983-1990. [ DOI:10.1007/s10529-012-1012-6] 4. Brown, A.H.D. (1992). Genetic variation and resources in cultivated barley and wild Hordeum. In: Munck, L. Ed., Barley Genetics, pp. 669-682. Munksgaard Int. Publ. Ltd., Copenhagen, DE. 5. Collinge, D.B., Kragh, K.M., Mikkelsen, J.D., Nielsen, K.K., Rasmussen, U. and Vad, K. (1993). Plant chitinases. The Plant Journal, 3: 31-40. [ DOI:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1993.t01-1-00999.x] 6. Derikvand, F., Bazgir, E., Darvishnia, M. and Mirzaei Najafgholi, H. (2023). Evaluation the activity of peroxidase and catalase enzymes and the expression level of PR1 and PR8 genes in apple fruit following brown rot (Monilinia laxa) disease. Plant Genetic Researches, 10(1): 29-42 (In Persian). 7. De Marco, A., Guzzardi, P. and Jamet, E. (1999). Isolation of tobacco isoperoxidases accumulated in cell-uspension culture medium and characterization of activities related to cell wall metabolism. Plant Physiology, 120: 371-382. [ DOI:10.1104/pp.120.2.371] 8. Desikan, R., Clarke, A., Atherfold, P., Hancock, J.T. and Neill, S.J. (1999). Harpin induces mitogen-activated protein kinase activity during defence responses in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cultures. Planta, 210: 97-103. [ DOI:10.1007/s004250050658] 9. Francis, M.I., Redondo, A., Burns, J.K. and Graham, J.H. (2009). Soil application of imidacloprid and related SAR-inducing compounds produces effective and persistent control of citrus canker. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 124: 283. [ DOI:10.1007/s10658-008-9415-x] 10. Gao, H., Niu, J., Zhao, W., Zhang, D., Li, Sh. and Liu, Y. (2021). Effect of powdery mildew on antioxidant enzymes of wheat grain. Plant Pathology, 71: 901-916. [ DOI:10.1111/ppa.13518] 11. Gawande, V.L. and Patil, J.V. (2003). Genetics of powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni D. C.) resistance in Mungbean (Vigna radiate L. Wilczek). Crop Protection, 22: 267-571. [ DOI:10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00202-8] 12. Ghoreishi, S. (2014) Study on quantitative changes in transcripts of some defense genes in cultivated barley in response to powdery mildew. M.Sc., Thesis, Gorgan. University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran (In Persian). 13. Hammond-Kosack, K.E. and Jones, J.D.G. (1996). Resistance gene dependent plant defence responses. Plant Cell, 8: 1773-1791. [ DOI:10.1105/tpc.8.10.1773] 14. Hu, Y., Zhong, S., Zhang, M., Liang, Y., Gong, G., Chang, X., Tan, F., Yang, H., Qiu, X., Luo, L. and Luo, P. (2020). Potential role of photosynthesis in the regulation of reactive oxygen species and defence responses to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in wheat. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21: 767. [ DOI:10.3390/ijms21165767] 15. Jacobs, A.K., Dry, I.B. and Robinson, S.P. (1999). Induction of different pathogenesisrelated cDNAs in grapevine infected with powdery mildew and treated with ethephon. Plant Pathology, 48: 325-336. [ DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3059.1999.00343.x] 16. Keen, N.T. (1990). Gene-for-gene complementarity in plant-pathogen interactions. Annual Review of Genetics, 24: 447-463. [ DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.24.1.447] 17. Kruger, W.M., Szabo, L.J. and Zeyen, R.J. (2003). Transcription of the defense response gene chitinase IIb, PAL and peroxidase is induced by the barley powdery mildew fungus and is only indirectly modulated by R genes. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 63: 167-168. [ DOI:10.1016/j.pmpp.2003.10.006] 18. Kyriakis, J.M. and Avruch, J. (1996). Protein kinase cascades activated by stress and inflammatory cytokines. BioEssays, 18: 567-577. [ DOI:10.1002/bies.950180708] 19. Lebrun-Garcia, A., Ouaked, F., Chiltz, A. and Pugin, A. (1998). Activation of MAPK homologues by elicitors in tobacco cells. Plant Journal, 15: 773-781. [ DOI:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1998.00269.x] 20. Levine, A., Tenhaken, R., Dixon, R. and Lamb, C.H. (1994). H2O2 from the oxidative burst orchestrates the plant hypersensitive disease resistance response. Cell, 79: 583-593. [ DOI:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90544-4] 21. Li, Y., Guo, G., Zhou, L., Chen, Y., Zong, Y., Huang, J., Lu, R. and Liu, C. (2019). Transcriptome analysis identifies candidate genes and functional pathways controlling the response of two contrasting barley varieties to powdery mildew infection. International Journal of Molecular Science, 21: 151. [ DOI:10.3390/ijms21010151] 22. Ligterink, W., Kroj, T., Zur Nieden, U., Hirt, H. and Scheel, D. (1997). Receptor-mediated activation of a MAP kinase in pathogen defense of plants. Science, 275: 2054-2057. [ DOI:10.1126/science.276.5321.2054] 23. Liu, G., Sheng, X., Greenshields, D.L., Ogieglo, A., Kaminskyj, S. and Selvaraj, G. (2005). Profiling of wheat class III peroxidase genes derived from powdery mildew-attacked epidermis reveals distinct sequence-associated expression patterns. The American Phytopathological Society, 18: 730-741. [ DOI:10.1094/MPMI-18-0730] 24. Liu, B., Xue, X., Cui, S., Zhang, X., Han, Q., Zhu, L., Liang, X., Wang, X., Huang, L., Chen, X. and Kang Z. (2010). Cloning and characterization of a wheat β-1,3-glucanase gene induced by the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Molecular Biology Reports, 37: 1045-1052. [ DOI:10.1007/s11033-009-9823-9] 25. Martin, G.B. (1999). Functional analysis of plant disease resistance genes and their downstream effectors. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2: 273-279. [ DOI:10.1016/S1369-5266(99)80049-1] 26. Mauch, F. and Boller, T. (1998). Antifungal hydrolases in pea tissue. ll. inhibition of fungal growth bycombination of chitinase. Plant Physiology, 88: 936-942. [ DOI:10.1104/pp.88.3.936] 27. Murray, G.M. and Brennan, J.P. (2010). Estimating disease losses to the Australian barley industry. Australasian Plant Pathology, 39: 85-96. [ DOI:10.1071/AP09064] 28. Pfaffle, M.W. (2004). Quantification strategies in real-time PCR. In: Bustin, S.A. Ed., A-Z of Quantitative PCR, pp. 87-112, International University Line (IUL), USA. 29. Pontiggia, D., Benedetti, M., Costantini, S., De Lorenzo, G. and Cervone, F. (2020). Dampening the DAMPs: how plants maintain the homeostasis of cell wall molecular patterns and avoid hyper-immunity. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11: 613259. [ DOI:10.3389/fpls.2020.613259] 30. Romeis, T., Piedras, P., Zhang, S., Klessig, D.F., Hirt, H. and Jones, J.D.G. (1999). Rapid Avr9- and Cf-9-dependent activation of map kinases in tobacco cell cultures and Leaves: convergence of resistance gene, elicitor, wound, and salicylate response. Plant Cell, 11: 273-287. [ DOI:10.1105/tpc.11.2.273] 31. Sahai, A.S. and Manocha, M.S. (1993). Chitinases of fungi and plants: their involvement in morphogenesis and host-parasite interaction. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 11: 317-338. [ DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00004.x] 32. Scheel, D. (1998). Resistance response physiology and signal transduction. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 1: 305-310.
Shetty, N.P., Jorgensen, H.J.L., Jensen, J.D., Collinge, D.B. and Shetty, H.S. (2008). Roles of reactive oxygen species in interactions between plants and pathogens. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 121: 267-280.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-008-9302-5
Staskawicz, B.J., Ausubel, F.M., Baker, B.J., Ellis, J.G. and Jones, J.D.G. (1995). Molecular genetics of plant disease resistance. Science, 268: 661-667.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7732374
Suzuki, K., Yano, A. and Shinshi, H. (1999). Slow and prolonged activation of the p47 protein kinase during hypersensitive cell death in a culture of tobacco cells. Plant Physiology, 119: 1465-1472.
https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.119.4.1465 [ DOI:10.1016/1369-5266(88)80051-7] 33. Vanaker, H., Carver, T.L.W. and Foyer, C.H. (2000). Early H2O2 Accumulation in Mesophyll Cells Leads to Induction of Glutathione during the Hyper-Sensitive response in the Barley-Powdery Mildew Interaction. Plant Physiology, 123: 1289-1300. [ DOI:10.1104/pp.123.4.1289] 34. Vu, G., Shortt, B.J., Lawrence, E.B., Leon, J., Fitzsimmons, K.C., Levine, E.B., Raskin, I. and Shah, D.M. (1997). Activation of host defense mechanisms by elevated production of H2O2 in transgenic plants. Plant Physiology, 115: 427-435. [ DOI:10.1104/pp.115.2.427] 35. Widmann, C., Gibson, S., Jarpe, M.B. and Johnson, G.L. (1999). Mitogen-activated protein kinase: conservation of a three-kinase module from yeast to human. Physiological Review, 79: 143-180. [ DOI:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.1.143] 36. Zheng, H., Dong, L., Han, X., Jin, H., Yin, C., Han, Y., Li, B., Qin, H., Zhang, J., Shen, Q., Zhang, K. and Wang, D. (2020). The TuMYB46L-TuACO3 module regulates ethylene biosynthesis in einkorn wheat defense to powdery mildew. New Phytolology, 225: 2526-2541. [ DOI:10.1111/nph.16305]
|
|
Send email to the article author |
|
|
Ramezanpour S S, Soltanloo H, Navabpour S. Effect of Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew) on expression of some genes involved in resistance reaction in barley. pgr 2024; 10 (2) :47-62 URL: http://pgr.lu.ac.ir/article-1-288-en.html
|