per
Lorestan University
Plant Genetic Researches
2383-1367
2676-7309
2022-03
8
2
1
22
article
Efficient Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation and Analysis of Transgenic Plants in Hybrid Black Poplar (Populus × euromericana Dode Guinier)
Shahnoush Nayeri
sh_nayeri@sbu.ac.ir
1
Bahram Baghban Kohnehrouz
bahrambaghban.kr@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
Shahid Beheshti University
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Black poplar (Populus× euramericana Dode Guinier) is an industrially important tree with broad applications in wood and paper, biofuel and cellulose-based industries as well as plant breeding programs and soil phytoremediation approaches. Here, we have focused on development of direct shoot regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols using the in vitro internodal stem tissue from hybrid black poplar. To obtain efficient plant regeneration, the internodal stem explant was cultured on SIM and RIM medium containing different concentrations of BAP × IBA and IBA × NAA, respectively. The crucial factors involved in genetic transformation have been evaluated to achieve Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol. We achieved fast and highly potential shoot regeneration from the explants cultured on SIM containing BAP 0.5mg/L and IBA 0.05mg/L with 28.57 shoots per explant. The normal roots developed from the plantlets cultured on RIM containing IBA 0.1mg/L and NAA 0.05mg/L and 100% of the regenerated plants were hardened and transferred to the greenhouse condition. Our results indicated that 0.5 µM Basta® could provide a stringent selection for the inhibition of non-transformed cells. We also obtained the highest transformation efficiency of 93.33% through preculturing the explants for 6 days and dipping into IM medium containing A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 (OD600 = 0.6) and 100 µM AS for 10 min. The Southern blotting analysis, RT-PCR and GUS histochemical analysis were confirmed the stable single or two-copies gus transgenesis in the genomic DNA and its expression in the selected T0 generation plants. The findings indicate that these protocols could be used for genetic engineering approaches in hybrid black poplar.
http://pgr.lu.ac.ir/article-1-238-en.pdf
Direct regeneration
GUS gene expression
Southern blotting
Internodal stem
Populus × euramericana
per
Lorestan University
Plant Genetic Researches
2383-1367
2676-7309
2022-03
8
2
23
32
article
Evaluation of Population Structure and Estimation of Genetic Parameters in Breeding Lines and Landraces Populations of Durum Wheat Using ISSR Markers
Mahmood Aslanparviz
mapmah45@gmail.com
1
Varahram Rashidi
rash270@yahoo.com
2
Mansour Omidi
momidi@ut.ac.ir
3
Alireza Etminan
alietminan55@yahoo.com
4
Alireza Ahmadzadeh
a.r.ahmadzadeh@gmail.com
5
Islamic Azad University
Islamic Azad University
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Islamic Azad University
Islamic Azad University
Evaluation of genetic diversity is the key principal for plant breeding, providing an opportunity to discover novel characters and alleles for breeders. In the present study, 69 durum wheat genotypes were investigated for genetic diversity using several inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Sixteen ISSR primers amplified a total of 163 fragments, which out 160 fragments were polymorphic. The mean values of polymorphic information content (PIC), resolving power (Rp) and marker index (MI) indicated that the used ISSR primers could be exploited for further assessing relationships among investigated genotypes and population structure analysis. The results of the molecular analysis of variance showed that the genetic variation within populations is more than between them. Based on genetic variation parameters, the highest number of observed alleles (Na), Shannon’s information index (I) and the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) were found in Iranian landraces. Cluster analysis and population structure grouped all investigated genotypes into three main clusters and six subpopulations, respectively. In conclusion, our results revealed the high rate of genetic diversity within Iranian landraces, so this germplasm can be used as a valuable gene source for the selection of parent lines and use of them in durum wheat breeding programs.
http://pgr.lu.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.pdf
Cluster analysis
Population structure
Durum wheat
Molecular markers
per
Lorestan University
Plant Genetic Researches
2383-1367
2676-7309
2022-03
8
2
33
44
article
Isolation of Monoterpene Synthase Gene (NsTPS2) and Evaluation of Terpenoid Compounds in Black Cumin Medicinal Plant (Nigella sativa L.)
Rizan Elyasi
raad.elyasi@gmail.com
1
Mohammad Majdi
m.majdi@uok.ac.ir
2
Abdolbaset Azizi
A.Azizi@uok.ac.ir
3
Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is a medicinal plant of the Ranunculacea family which raised attention due to its pharmaceutical properties. Medical significance of N. sativa mainly attributed to its oxygenated monoterpenes which are biosynthesized via the methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway located in plastids. In this study, the essential oil components of leaves, flowers, and developmental stages of seed including half black seeds, soft black seeds, and hard black seeds were analyzed in N. sativa. Whereas no terpene was detected in flowers and leaves, seeds were found to be the major site of biosynthesis and accumulation of terpenes, and the amount of terpene compounds changed during seed maturation. The essential oil consists of monoterpenes (more than 99%) and sesquiterpenes (less than 1%). In order to improve our understanding of monoterpene metabolism, the partial sequence of a hypothetical monoterpene synthase (NsTPS2) was isolated from N. sativa plant using RACE-PCR technique. This monoterpene synthase was identified from RNA sequencing data from soft black seeds. Except of the highly conserved DDXXD motif in NsTPS2 which is necessary to validate monoterpene synthases, no other conserved regions of other identified monoterpene synthases were observed. Dendrogram analysis revealed that NsTPS2 had the highest homology with a terpene synthase (72.89%) from Aconitum carmichaelii and these two sequences were grouped in the same group. Nigella sativa and Aconitum carmichaelii both belong to the Ranunculacea family. This indicates that the genetic information of plants of the Ranunculacea family can be used to isolate different monoterpene synthase. The results of this research can be useful in genetic manipulation and metabolic engineering of Nigella sativa.
http://pgr.lu.ac.ir/article-1-241-en.pdf
Nigella sativa
RNA sequencing
Secondary metabolites
Terpene synthase
per
Lorestan University
Plant Genetic Researches
2383-1367
2676-7309
2022-03
8
2
45
56
article
Investigation of Intera- and Interspecies Variation of Festuca Using Seed Protein Electrophoresis
Soheila Afkar
s.afkar@pnu.ac.ir
1
Faranak Hadi
fara_hadi@yahoo.com
2
Ali Ashraf Jafari
aliashrafj@gmail.com
3
Agriculture Department, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
Festuca is one of the largest genera of the grass family, which has more than 600 species with different ploidy levels. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity within 22 populations of three species of Festuca (Festuca arundinacea, F.rubra and F.ovina) using a seed storage protein electrophoresis pattern. These species showed a significant variation in the number of protein bands from 5-13. The highest number of bands was found in G17 (F.rubra) and the lowest number of protein bands was in G5 (F.ovina). Band number 14 was only observed in G3. It is suggested that this band can be considered as a specific band for the identification of this genotype. According to the results of AMOVA analysis, there is a high level of genetic diversity within the species rather than between species that can be due to the out-crossing nature of this genus. According to observed differences for variation parameters among the three studied species, it is concluded that they have dissimilar genetic structures. The results of cluster analysis based on seed storage protein profiles in evaluated genotypes using Euclidean distance matrix and UPGMA method showed four groups. The lowest similarity coefficient was between G14 and G15 (F.arundinacea) with G6 (F.ovina). Hence, it is suggested that they evolved from a different evolutionary process and it is suggested to use them as the parents of new synthetic varieties. The observed diversity in the seed protein pattern in the three species of Festuca, can be explained by allogamy-induced-heterozygosity, species difference or population collection from various regions.
http://pgr.lu.ac.ir/article-1-228-en.pdf
Cluster analysis
Festuca species
Genetic variation
Protein marker
SDS-PAGE
per
Lorestan University
Plant Genetic Researches
2383-1367
2676-7309
2022-03
8
2
57
68
article
Study of Genetic Diversity of Some Allium L. Species Based on ISSR Markers in Kurdistan Province
Shahla Hosseini
sh.hosseini@uok.ac.ir
1
Mohammad Reza Rahgozar
mrezarahgozar@yahoo.com
2
Hedieh Badakhshan
badakhshanhedieh@gmail.com
3
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculyure, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Genus Allium L. contains very taxonomically complex sections, especially the subgenus Melanocrommyum. The systematic position of the species in each section has been revised many times over time. In the present study, the relationship between 32 ecotypes belonging to 10 different species of Allium was investigated using ISSR markers. The nine primers used produced 166 polymorphic bands (average 18 bands per primer). Among the primers used, ISSR873 primer with 27 bands made the most, and ISSR4 primer with two bands had the lowest polymorphic bands. The PIC of the markers ranged from 0.04 to 0.43. Cluster analysis by UPGMA method based on molecular markers divided the studied ecotypes into four groups. The clustering and principal coordinate analysis results showed that most morphologically similar species were grouped in closed clusters. According to Dice similarity coefficient, the highest percentage of similarity was shown between Allium stipitatum and Allium saralicum ecotypes (72 percent) from the Melanocrommyum subgenus, and the lowest similarity was obtained between Allium tripedale and Allium iranicum ecotypes (12 percent). The ecotypes with the lowest similarity percentage belong to the subgenus Allium and Nectaroscordum, which are placed in separate clusters. Based on the results, the ecotypes of Pseudoprason, Melanocrommyum, and Procerallium sections showed the highest affinity. In general, it can be concluded that ISSR markers are useful for classifying Allium species and have sufficient potential for phylogenetic studies of species. In addition, due to significant genetic diversity among the studied ecotypes of wild Allium species, this diversity can be used in future breeding programs of crop.
http://pgr.lu.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.pdf
Cluster analysis
Genetic diversity
Melanocrommyum
per
Lorestan University
Plant Genetic Researches
2383-1367
2676-7309
2022-03
8
2
69
82
article
Valuations of Variables as Selection Index for Improving Grain Yield in Bread Wheat
Kaveh Sadeghi
ako.sadeghi@yahoo.com
1
Mohammadhadi Pahlevani
hpahlevani@gau.ac.ir
2
Mohsen Esmeilzadeh Moghaddam
esmeilzadehmohsen@ymail.com
3
Khalil Zaynali Nezhad
khalil1381@yahoo.com
4
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
Identifying selection indices is the most important step of a breeding project that aims to improve grain yield. The definition of the selection index is usually done by evaluating the variables in multivariate statistical methods. In the present study, the relationship between grain yield and its components in bread wheat genotypes was determined by multivariate statistical methods. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in the 2018-19 crop years. Ten commercial cultivars of bread wheat along with their offspring from direct and inverse crosses in a dialysis arrangement were evaluated for morphological and phenological traits, especially grain yield and its components. The results of genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients showed a positive and significant correlation (at 1% probability level) between grain yield and spike length, spike weight, number of fertile tillers, number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per spike, 1000-seed weight, biological yield and harvest index. Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis, biological yield, harvest index, number of grains per main spike and main spike weight were entered into the regression model, respectively, and explained a total of 98% of the variation in grain yield. Based on the results of path analysis, biological yield had the highest direct effect on grain yield. After biological yield, the most direct effect on grain yield was related to the weight of main spike. Also, by considering eigenvalues greater than one in factor analysis, 8 hidden factors were identified that explained a total of 75.18% of the data changes. In general, it can be concluded that biological yield, harvest index, number of seeds per spike and weight of spike compared to other traits can be used as appropriate indicators in breeding programs to select high-yield genotypes in field conditions. Genotypes Alo, Ehsan♂ × Gonbad♀ and Ehsan had the highest value for the studied traits, which can be used in future breeding researches.
http://pgr.lu.ac.ir/article-1-233-en.pdf
Path analysis
Stepwise regression
Genotypic correlation
GGE biplot
per
Lorestan University
Plant Genetic Researches
2383-1367
2676-7309
2022-03
8
2
83
102
article
Reza Mir Derikvand
mirderikvand@khoiau.ac.ir
1
Seyede Sajad Sohrabi
sohrabi.sa@fa.lu.ac.ir
2
Seyyed Mohsen Sohrabi
ms.seyyed@gmail.com
3
Kamran Samiei
kamransamiei@yahoo.com
4
Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Department of Agriculture, Kangavar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kangavar, Iran
http://pgr.lu.ac.ir/article-1-231-en.pdf
Gene expression
Biotics and abiotics stresses
ChtBD1 functional domains
Hevein
per
Lorestan University
Plant Genetic Researches
2383-1367
2676-7309
2022-03
8
2
103
116
article
Investigation of Genetic Diversity and Classification of Aerobic and Local Rice Genotypes in Khuzestan Province
Ahmad Kaab Omeyr
ahmadjalalee9168@yahoo.com
1
Payam PourMohammadi
mohammadi@asnrukh.ac.ir
2
Abdolali Gilani
gilani.abdolali@yahoo.com
3
Khalil Alami-Saeid
khalilalamisaeid@gmail.com
4
Mohammad Fakhari
afarkhari@gmail.com
5
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Research, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
Various strategies have been developed to reduce water consumption in rice cultivation, including rice cultivation in water-saturated soil, drying and wetting of the soil (periodic irrigation), and aerobic rice cultivation. In this study, in order to identify and grouping rice cultivars suitable for aerobic cultivation, 34 cultivars of native and improved rice cultivars were selected and evaluated. Factor analysis based on principal components analysis based on all traits showed that 6 factors were extracted with special values of more than one. These 6 factors, after the Varimax rotation, justify the 6 main and independent factors, justifying 78.08% of the total variation. In the first harvest, cluster analysis using WARD method, cultivars were grouped into 4 groups, which cluster 3 being the largest cluster. Discriminant analysis of first harvest, showed that all cultivars were grouped correctly. In canonical discriminant the first two canonical functions with eigenvalues greater than one explained a total of 88.9% of the variance. In cluster analysis based on the average of the data obtained from Raton product, genotypes were divided into two different groups. The genotypes of the first group were higher than the genotypes of the second group in terms of yield and yield components and were introduced as superior genotypes. Heritability with genetic improvement for leaf area duration, number of seedling (grown plants), number of spikes per unit area, number of full seeds and degree of maturity showed that these traits can be transferred to hybrid offspring and selections based on these traits are effective.
http://pgr.lu.ac.ir/article-1-235-en.pdf
Aerobic rice
Genetic diversity
Cluster analysis
Discriminant analysis
Heritability
Genetic progression
per
Lorestan University
Plant Genetic Researches
2383-1367
2676-7309
2022-03
8
2
117
130
article
Use of Selection Indices for Improving Grain Yield in Sesame Local Populations
Abdul Karim Tahmasebi
tahmasebik50@gmail.com
1
Reza Darvishzadeh
darvish_r2001@yahoo.com
2
Amir Fayaz Moghaddam
a.fmoghaddam@urmia.ac.ir
3
Esmaeil Gholinezhad
e_gholinejad@pnu.ac.ir
4
Hossein Abdi
ho.abdi@urmia.ac.ir
5
Urmia University
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
The selection of genotypes based on multiple traits is a fundamental issue and an important part of the process of plant breeding. In the present study, the efficiency of selection indices based on phenological, morphological and physiological traits was studied to improve sesame grain yield. The evaluation of 25 sesame populations was realized in a completely randomized design with 10 replications under Urmia conditions in 2017.The results showed that phenotypic and genotypic correlations between grain yield and No. of capsules per plant, No. of grains per capsule, No. of branches, leaf temperature, leaf index and biological weight were positive and significant. By regression and path analysis, the No. of capsules and No. of branches were identified as the variables of the first-order cause and biological weight, harvest index, leaf index, plant height and chlorophyll as the second-order cause variables, among which only plant height had a direct negative effect. In order to obtain selection indices, two optimal and basic methods and ten different vectors of economic values of traits were used. The vectors were based on the analysis of correlation, regression, path and broad sense heritability. The third and fourth indices, in which the first-order cause entered the model, showed high relative efficiency and in terms of these two indices, and the sesame populations with code number of 12, 17, 18 and 19 populations were identified as the most desirable populations. Finally, it is suggested that the efficiency of these selection indices be evaluated in the field
http://pgr.lu.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.pdf
Path analysis
Regression
Selection indices
Indirect selection
Trait’s correlation
per
Lorestan University
Plant Genetic Researches
2383-1367
2676-7309
2022-03
8
2
131
142
article
Study on Combining Ability and Gene Effects Estimation in Some Sweet Corn Inbred Lines (Zea mays L. var saccarata) by Line × Tester Method
Ali Barzgari
ali.barzegari2020@gmail.com
1
Saeed Malekzade Shafaroudi
malekzadeh-s@um.ac.ir
2
Saeed Khavari Khorasani
khavaris80@yahoo.com
3
farajollah shahriari ahmadi
shahriari@um.ac.ir
4
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University Mashhad, Mashad, Iran
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University Mashhad, Mashad, Iran
Seed and Plant Improvement Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, ARREO, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University Mashhad, Mashad, Iran
In breeding programs determination of gene effects and general and specific combining ability for screening of test crosses is necessary. In order to estimate the genetic variance components and the general and specific combining ability of sweet corn lines, an experiment was conducted using 8 sweet corn S6 inbred lines (including 4 maternal and 4 paternal lines) by line × tester mating design in 2019, at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan Razavi Province, Mashhad, Iran. The obtained test cross hybrids were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2020. The results of line, tester and line × tester analysis for most of measured traits showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The σ2gca/σ2sca ratio for grain yield was equal to 0.1, showed that while both additive and dominance effects play a role in controlling this trait, but dominance effect was higher. The results for general combining ability of L3 and T1 lines showed positive and significant GCA effect for grain yield. Also, the specific combining ability of grain yield showed that T4 × L2, T1 × L3 and T3 × L1 had the highest SCA rate. In this study, in terms of grain yield, T1 × L3, T4 × L2 and T1 × L4 with 33.96, 30.47 and 27.85 tons per hectare had the highest green ear yield, respectively. These combinations can be as the hybrids with high yield potential in advanced breeding programs for release of new sweet corn varieties.
http://pgr.lu.ac.ir/article-1-236-en.pdf
Sweet corn
Inbred line
Grain yield
Combining ability
Gene effect