In order to determine yield stability of 23 bread wheat genotypes and two commercial cultivars as check, an experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the experimental field of faculty of Agriculture, Razi University Kermanshah (Iran), during three cropping seasons (2015-2018). The results of combined ANOVA showed that the effect of environment, genotype and genotype × environment interactions on grain yield were significant (P<0.01). Stability was evaluated using environmental variance statistics, coefficient of variation, Wrick´s ecovalence, Shukla’s stability variance, Regression slope, deviation from regression slope, Plaisted and Peterson method and AMMI model. Variance analysis of additive main effects and multiplicative (AMMI) showed that three IPCAs were significant at 1% probability level. The first three principal components justified a round 85.7% of the sum of square of the interaction. Also, AMMI stability value (ASV) was used for simultaneously using information obtained from two significant components of AMMI. According to ASV index, genotypes Pishgam, Wc-4958 and Pishtaaz had the lowest ASV value and were known as the most stable genotypes. Genotypes Wc-4987, Wc-47615, Wc-47399 and Wc-47638 had the highest ASV value and distance from the center of Bi-plot. Therefore, Pishtaaz is one of the most stable genotypes due to having the first rank in terms of studied parameters as well as proper bakery properties and desirable drought resistance. In general, regarding to the climate change in the country, especially in the rainfed conditions and based on the above statistics and the biplots derived from AMMI analysis, the Wc-4958 line, with pishtaaz and Pishgam cultivars as stable and adaptable genotypes, are suggested to rainfed conditions on the studied area.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is the most valuable and expensive spice in the world. The stigmas of saffron are the source of valuable apocarotenoids such as crocin, picrocrocin and safranal. transcriptomic and expression studies of genes are important steps in investigating of secondary metabolites in plants. One of the important prerequisites for such studies is the existence of reliable and stable reference genes to normalize the expression of other genes. In the present study, eight reference genes were identified and isolated using transcriptome of saffron and their expression stability was evaluated by nonparametric statistics and methods. The results of amplification and sequencing showed accurate identification of eight reference genes Actin, EF1, GAPDH, H3, MDH, TBP, UBC and UBQ. The expression stability evaluation revealed that MDH and UBQ genes had the highest stability among different saffron tissues and TBP had the lowest stability among them. In this study, for first time, eight reference genes were isolated from saffron and their expression stability was evaluated. The reference genes identified in the present study can be used as stable genes to normalize gene expression in transcriptomic and expression studies of saffron plant.  

There are different methods for study the genotype × environment interactions and determining stable genotypes such as parametric, non-parametric and multivariate methods. In this research, 19 selective genotypes from advanced trials of durum wheat at 2011-2012 agronomic year, have been cultivated with Dehdasht check cultivar for three growing years (2012-2015) in five locations (including Gachsaran, Gonbad, Khorramabad, Moghan and Ilam) in a randomized complete block design with four replications in each location. Combined analysis of variance indicated significant effects of genotype, environment and interactions of genotype × environment. In parametric uni-variate methods, genotypes 7, 12, 18 and 20 were determined as stable genotypes. In non-parametric uni-variate methods, genotypes 2, 7, 12, 13, 18, 19 and 20 had the lowest genotype × environment interaction and they were determined as stable genotypes. In AMMI method, genotypes 2, 7, 12, 19 and 20 had the lowest rank in different environments and highest grain yield, and these genotypes seems more stable genotypes. It can be concluded that genotypes 7, 12, 18 and 20 could be considered as promising genotypes and candidate for introducing new durum cultivar.

Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) are two methods for analyzing multi-environment trials (MET). In this study, seven selected rice lines were evaluated along with two check varieties based on randomized complete block design in Tonekabon, Amol and Sari (Iran) in three growing seasons of 2011-14. To quantify the genotypic stability, the best linear unbiased predictions of the genotype by environment interactions (GEI) were estimated, and singular value decomposition (SVD), which is the basis of AMMI analysis, was performed on the resulting matrix. The likelihood ratio test (LRT) showed that the effect of GEI was significant on grain yield, number of tillers, thousand grains weight and panicle length. Therefore, due to the significant interaction of genotype by environment, BLUP analysis can be performed on this data. The biplot of first principal component (PC1) of the environment versus nominal yield showed that genotypes 7 ([IR 67015-22-6-2-(A37632) × (Amol3 × Ramzanalitarom)]39), 6 (IR67015-22-6-2-(A37632) × (Amol3 × Ramzanalitarom)]126) and 2 ([IR64669-153-2-3 - (A8948) × (4Surinam Deylamani)]2), due to the lowest scores of the PC1, had a small share in the GEI and had more grain yield stability. The biplot of grain yield versus WAASB, placed genotypes in four regions, so that genotypes in the fourth region, including genotypes 6, 7, 8 (Line 843, check variety), and 9 (Shirodi, check variety), were due to large value of response variable (high grain yield) and high stability (low values of WAASB) were very productive and had extensive stability. Identification of genotypes with weighted average of WAASB and response variable (WAASBY) criteria showed that genotypes 6 and 7 were high yields and stable. Based on the multi-trait stability index (MTSI), G6 was also selected as the best genotype in terms of grain yield, evaluated traits and stability of each trait. Totally, genotype 6 was stable and superior based on the results of all methods.

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) has a high genetic variation in Iran and there are many landraces of this crop in Iran. In the present study, 15 superior genotypes of eggplant which were selected from Minab landraces accompanying two superior mother landraces (totally 17 lines) were studied for two successive years in three regions of Iran including Minab, Karaj and Jiroft. The experiment was conducted in Randomized complete block design with three replications. Finally, total yield of both years was measured and the combined analysis was done and the best line(s) for different climates were introduced using evaluation the stability of the lines via AMMI and GGE biplot procedures. Based on the results of means comparison of yield in the studied lines in each region from average of two years, GHE12 line in Minab region, SA13 line in Jiroft region and AM4, SA15 and SA5 lines in Karaj region have higher fruit yield than the other lines. Based on the results of yield comparison of the examined genotypes in each region from the average of two years of testing, GHE12 genotype in Minab region, SA13 genotype in Jiroft region and AM4, SA15 and SA5 genotypes in Karaj region had acceptable yield compared to other genotypes. However, according to the results of special adaptability and stability analysis, Y genotype for Minab region, SA13 genotype for Jiroft region and AM4 genotype for Karaj region are recommended