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Genetic diversity among 35 accessions of Ae. cylindrica using 17 ISSR primers were investigated. Totally, 190 alleles were amplified and 188 alleles (98.95%) o were polymorphic. Number of Amplified alleles ranged from 6 to 20 with average 11.18 alleles for each primer. Polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.10 (primer UBC841) to 0.35 (primer UBC836). Marker index criterion ranged from 0.6 (primer UBC841) to 6 (primer 15). Cluster and Principal Coordinate Analysis could not completely separate accessions and showed no association between molecular diversity and geographic diversity of genotypes, indicating that there is high genetic diversity among accessions. West and south-west genotypes showed more diversity than genotypes from north and north-west of the country. Therefore, the center of diversity and origin of Aegilops cylindrica might be the western and south-western regions of country and this species might transferred from these regions to the northern parts of the country. Results of this study showed that ISSR markers are useful tools for management of genetic resources of wheat and their wild relative species.

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Evaluation of genetic diversity in medicinal plants is one of the most important evolutionary and breeding goals. Recent developments in polymerase chain reaction brings the possibility of evaluation the individuals of a population in more sites of genome, and among different DNA molecular markers, the ISSR marker was successfully used in study of the genetic diversity of different plants. The genetic diversity of 43 individuals from five populations of Styrian Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca) and 4 individuals from one population of C. maxima which cultivated in Shahid Beheshti University collection (Tehran, Iran) was investigated using 12 ISSR markers. Totally, 83 scorable bands were produced by ISSR markers and the mean for the produced band for each marker was 6.91 and 100% of scorable bands were polymorphic. Dendrogram was illustrated based on Jaccard coefficient similarity matric and algorithm of Complete Linkage. Based on cluster analysis, individuals of populations divided into five main groups. The results of the grouping through principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis showed that groupings by the two mentioned methods were consonant with each other and have made a similarity grouping. The cophenetic coefficient was calculated as 0.97. Totally, the results of present study showed that the some of used ISSR markers could be useful for future study of genetic variation in Cucurbita pepo.