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Showing 2 results for Irap
Alireza Asghari Mirak, Seyed Siamak Alaviakia, Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Henbane has a high medicinal value due to the presence of hyoscyamine and scopolamine alkaloids. Improving the quality and quantity of henbane alkaloids using modern breeding methods requires evaluating the genetic diversity. The genetic diversity of henbane has been investigated using morphological, biochemical and molecular markers in several studies and the superiority of molecular markers over other markers has been proven. To this end, in 2018, the genetic diversity of 96 henbane genotypes collected from the habitats of northwest Iran was investigated using IRAP and REMAP molecular markers. For IRAP markers, out of 36 possible combinations obtained from eight LTR primers, seven combinations had a fine and scalable amplification. In the REMAP technique, the combination of 11 ISSR primers with eight LTR primers was used, and 12 combinations could be scored out of 88 possible combinations. The average amount of polymorphic information for IRAP and REMAP markers was 0.30 and 0.32, respectively, and the average marker index for these two markers was estimated as 2.59 and 2.47. Based on these criteria, REMAP marker was more efficient than IRAP in estimating the genetic diversity of henbane. In the analysis of molecular variance using IRAP and REMAP markers, intra-population variability was estimated to be higher than inter-population, which indicates the high diversity of these populations in northwestern Iran. Cluster analysis based on IRAP marker failed to separate species and populations, but REMAP marker was able to separate H. pusillus and H. reticulatus species to a high degree. A high shannon index in this research suggests that IRAP and REMAP retrotransposon markers resulted in a high genetic diversity within henbane populations with a high insertion in the genome of henbane populations.
Parastoo Zarei, Hedieh Badakhshan, Ghader Mirzaghaderi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (9-2024)
Abstract
Evaluating genetic diversity in plant species is essential for crop improvement. This research compared the genetic diversity between common oat (Avena sativa) and wild oat (Avena fatua) using molecular markers, phenotypic traits, and chromosomal characteristics. SCoT and IRAP markers generated 283 and 117 bands, respectively. Both marker systems revealed higher polymorphism in wild oat compared to common oat. SCoT markers showed 65.37 percent polymorphism in wild oat versus 60.07 percent in common oat, while IRAP markers exhibited 76.07 and 69.23 percent polymorphism, respectively. Genetic diversity indices (Ne, He, and PIC) indicated slightly higher genetic diversity in wild oat for both marker systems, although the genetic distance between the two species was relatively low. Population structure analysis using Bayesian methods, Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) consistently identified distinct subpopulations and significant genetic variation within species. Phenotypic trait analysis revealed significant differences among genotypes. Common oat genotypes generally exhibited greater plant height, while wild oat genotypes had higher 100-seed weight. Heatmap cluster analysis grouped genotypes into three clusters based on phenotypic traits. All genotypes were hexaploid but showed differences in chromosomal parameters such as total chromosome length, centromeric index, and dispersion index. However, no significant differences were found between common and wild oat species in these parameters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of chromosomal parameters explained 94.72 percent of the cumulative variance, with PC1 emphasizing centromere position and PC2 highlighting chromosomal asymmetry. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights for breeding and conservation strategies in oat species.
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