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Showing 9 results for Barley
Shiva Gheitaran Poorsahrigh, Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi, Behzad Sadeghzadeh,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Abstract
Iron is one of the essential micronutrient, which has an important role in nitrogen fixation and activity of some enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase and cytochrome oxidase. To map QTLs related to accumulation of iron in shoot of barley at five leaves and maturity stages, 148 doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between Clipper and Sahara3771 varieties were evaluated under greenhouse condition and single plant iron concentration and content were measured. For QTL analysis by linkage map including, 26 retrotransposone markers IRAP and REMAP, 246 SSR and EST-SSR, 238 RFLP and one morphological markers was used. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference between lines for all the studies traits and presence of trangreesive segregation for all the traits and indicated presence of desirable parental allele combinations in the progenies. In total, 511 markers in 7 linkage covered 1099.09 cM of barley genome with an average distance of 2.37 cM between two adjacent markers. For single plant iron concentration, eight and four, iron content in single plant, six and three QTLs were identified at vegetative and maturity stages, respectively. Negative additive effects of the most QTLs indicate the role of Sahara3771 alleles in increased iron accumulation in offspring. One common genomics regions was detected for QTLs of single plant iron concentration and content at maturity which could be due to linkage between the QTLs or the pleiotropic effect of a single QTL.
Ali Shuorvazdi, Seyed Abuolghasem Mohammadi, Majid Norozi, Behzad Sadeghzadeh,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Abstract
Due to their adaptation to different environment conditions, landraces are valuable genetic resurces for incresing diversity of breeding germplasms and are potential resources for biotic and abiotic stress resistant genes. In the present study, genetic diversity and relationships of 119 barely landraces from different countries along with 25 commerical varieties and breeding lines were assessed, using 45 microsatellite primer pairs. In total, 225 alleles range from 2 to 14 and an average of 5 alleles per locus were amplified. Polymorphic information contenet (PIC) varied from 0.05 to 0.90 with a mean of 0.51. The minimum and maximum frequency of common allele belonged to EBMAC0788 (0.13) and GBM1411 (0.97) markers, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a higher within group variation (94%) than between group. Maximum and minimum Shannon’s and Nei gene diversity indices were observed in Iranian and Egyptian landraces, respectively. Cluster analysis using Minimum Evolution algorithm and P-distance coefficient assigned the studied genotypes into three groups. This grouping was partly consistent with geographical origins of the genotypes.
Samira Khodaei, Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi, Behzad Sadeghzadeh,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (2-2015)
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the important macronutrients involved in various physiological and metabolic pathways. It has also major role in development and transmission of energy. To map QTLs for the traits associated with phosphorus accumulation at shoot stage in barley, 148 doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between Sahara3771 and Clipper cultivars were evaluated in greenhouse condition. Analysis of variance showed, that significant differences among the lines for all traits. Transgressive segregation was observed for all traits. Linkage map of population consist of 246 SSR, EST-SSR markers, 238 RFLP, 26 retrotransposone markers including IRAP, REMAP and a morphological marker that coverd 1099.09 cM of barley genome and an average distance of 2.15 cM between two adjacent markers. In total, 13 QTLs were identified for phosphorus concentration and content at five-leaf and maturity stages. For phosphorus concentration and content at five leaf stages three and two QTLs were found, respectively. Four QTLs were detected for phosphorus concentration at maturity stage. Out of which three and one QTL showed positive and negative additive effects, respectively. For phosphorus content of single plant at maturity stage, four QTLs explaining 60% of phenotypic variance were mapped. Out of 13 QTLs identified for the trait, 10 QTLs had positive additive effects, indicating the role of Clipper alleles in this loci in increasing the related traits value in offspring. In the present study, one common QTL identified which could be due to genetic linkage or pleiotropic effect.
Robab Salami, Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi, Sara Ghafarian, Mohammad Moghaddam,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (3-2016)
Abstract
Barley is the most salt tolerant cereal‚ and is grown in a wide range of climatic conditions. To improve the plant tolerance to salinity‚ expression analysis of genes involved in stress tolerance could be effective in identification and development of tolerant genotypes. In this study, for evaluation of salinity effect on expression of Hv TIP2;3 and Hv TIP4;1 genes (encoding channel proteins in the membrane) in roots of barley, three genotypes; Clipper (salt susceptible), Sahara3771 (salt tolerant) and advanced breeding line (a salt tolerant line derived from a cross between Kavir and Sahra cultivars) were planted under 0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl. To determine the expression differences of these genes, RNA was extracted from root samples harvested at 24 hours, 3 days and 3 weeks after applying salinity treatments and cDNA was generated. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference among genotypes, salinity levels and sampling stages for Hv TIP2;3 and Hv TIP4;1 genes expression pattern, whereas genotype × salinity interaction for Hv TIP2;3and genotype × sampling stage interaction were significant for both of the studied genes. The expression of TIP 2;3 gene in the 100 mM NaCl was increased in salt susceptible genotype Clipper and decreased in tolerant genotypes compared with control. Mean comparison of genotype and sampling combination showed that the expression level of Hv TIP4;1 gene at 3 weeks after salinity stress was increased in Sahara and advanced breeding line and decreased in Clipper. According to the results‚ it was confirmed that these genes are affected by salinity stress‚ and effective utilization of this genes in the barley in order to increase salinity tolerance could lead to desirable results.
Atefeh Kaviani Charati, Hossein Sabouri, Hossein Ali Fallahi, Eisa Jorjani,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (9-2016)
Abstract
Abstract In order to genetic analysis of spike characteristics in barley, an experiment was conducted with 100 F3 and F4 barley families derived from Badia × Komino cross at Research Farm college of Agricultural University of Gonbad Kavous (Iran) based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Agronomic traits such as spike length, number of seeds per spike, total of spike, total weight of spike, grain length and grain diameter were measured. Linkage map with 7 SSR and 69 polymorphic alleles of iPBS markers were prepared which covered 632.2 cM of barley genome. QTL analysis was performed based on the method of composite interval mapping (CIM). Ten QTLs (with additive effect ranged from 127.07 for spike number to -0.625 mm for grain length) were detected. Phenotypic variance explained by QTLs ranged from 10.9 to 12.9 percent, which the highest related to spike length in F3 generation and the lowest related to the total number of spikes in F3 generation and the total weight of spike in F4 generation. All detected QTL were major effects and after validation can be used in breeding programs and marker-assisted selection.
Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi, Rahim Mohammadian, Marouf Khalili,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (9-2016)
Abstract
Estimation of genetic variation in crops, a very important role in the development of breeding programs and preservation of genetic resources through morphological characteristics, is possible. To identifying genetic variation and double haploid barley lines classification in relation to germination traits, 72 lines derived from the cross of Steptoe and Morex were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications, at three conditions including normal and two salinity levels of NaCl (100 and 200 mM NaCl). Investigated traits in this study were coefficient of velocity of germination, final germination percentage, mean germination daily, germination rate index and average germination speed. The results indicated that considerable genetic variation among genotypes in all traits. Genetical correlation based on average of the three environments indicated that high significant correlation exist (r= 0.85**) between the daily germination and final germination percentage. In this study, the highest value of phenotypic and genotypic variation coefficient, broad and narrow sense heritability and genetic gain were calculated for final germination percentag. Based on cluster analysis, barley genotypes were grouped into three categories and genotypes of the third cluster, were superior coefficient of variation of germination, germination percentage, germination rate and mean daily germination index, but had low a mount of germination rate. Therefore, the genotype of this group can be used in breeding for high germination percentage. Using principle component analysis; five traits were grouped in the form of two new variables that explained 99.061 percent of the total variance. Analysis biplot indicated that the genotypes of first group have a high percentage of germination index and germination index coefficients.
Reza Mir Drikvand,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (3-2017)
Abstract
Identification and application of genetic diversity are essential to breeding programs success. In this study, genetic diversity of 20 rainfed barley genotypes were assessed using morphological traits as well RAPD and intron-exon splice junction (ISJ), semi-random markers. Results of this study showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for all traits, indicating high genetic variation among them. The highest and lowest broad sense heritability was related to spike length and grain yield, respectively The estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were high for number of grain per spike, and low for 1000-kernel weight, respectively. Mean of polymorphic percentage in ISJ marker was higher than RAPD marker. Cluster analysis showed that the distinctions based on morphological traits did not correspond with the distinction based on molecular data.The results showed that RAPD and ISJ markers were able to distinct two and six-rowed and also hulless and hulled barley genotypes. Distinction of three clusters did not follow the same pattern.There was significant and negative correlation between similarity matrices of molecular data and morphological traits, but similarity matrices of two molecular markers was significantly and positively correlated.
Raheleh Aziznia, Hedieh Badakhshan, Taimoor Javadi, Soma Zamani,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
In this study, variation of beta-glucan content was assessed in 20 barley line and cultivars based on complete block design with three replications. Genetic diversity of these genotypes was also evaluated using ISSR markers. Beta-glucan extracted by an enzymatic method. Significant differences were found at the level of 1% among barley genotypes for beta-glucan content. The beta glucan content was variable from 7.21 to 12.48 and, the Yosef, E94B3 and E94B17 genotypes hold the highest content of the beta-glucan. ISSR primers with average polymorphism of 66.79%, genetic diversity of 0.25 and Shannon index of 0.37 were determined as efficient markers for studying genetic diversity. The barley lines and cultivars were assigned in two distinct groups according to their genetic pedigree. On the basis of non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation, and stepwise regression analysis, nine informative primers were detected explaining highest seed’s beta-glucan content variations ranging from 24.3 to 42.4 percent. The ISSR6 (700), the combination of ISSR1+ISSR4 (1400) and IS2+ ISSR2 (1400) primers were the most informative primers for the beta-glucan content. The informative markers provide possible functional and efficient marker based selection method and, screening the barley germplasms for the highest beta-glucan content.
Seyedeh Sanaz Ramezanpour, Hassan Soltanloo, Saied Navabpour,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of fungus Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew disease) on expression of genes associated with resistance reactions in barley, a susceptible cultivar (Afzal), a semi-susceptible genotype (Line 67) and a resistant genotype (Line 104) were selected. Following inoculation with Blumeria graminis at seedling stage, sampling was performed at different time points (0-10 days). Changes in gene expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR analysis. Analysis of molecular data showed that the genes encoding chitinase and glucanase as the key enzymes in fungal cell wall degradation, had higher expression levels in the resistant genotype (Line 104). The transcript level of chitinase in semi-susceptible genotype (Line 67) was lower than that of the resistant genotype (Line 104) and higher than that of the susceptible cultivar. Most transcripts of chitinase gene were seen at 12 hours post inoculation in the resistant genotype (Line 104), whereas the lowest expression level was recorded at the same time in the susceptible cultivar. The expression levels of the other two genes (glucanase and peroxidase) were higher in the resistant genotype (Line 104) than those in the susceptible cultivar. Increasing in MAPK transcripts in resistant genotype (Line 104) and its depletion in susceptible cultivar confirmed MAPK role in Hypersensitive response (HR) and defense responses of barley infected with powdery mildew disease. Based on the findings of this study, it appears that the HR in the resistant genotype initiated as early as six hours post inoculation, effectively hindering the penetration and dissemination of the pathogen within the plant. Such reaction was not observed in the semi-susceptible and susceptible barley plants, possibly due to delayed in responses, allowing the pathogen ample time to penetrate and propagate within the host plant. The results of this research can be used to evaluate the resistance level of cultivars and also to evaluate the resistance in the seedling stage of promising lines.
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