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Showing 46 results for Subject: Molecular genetics
Sara Motallebinia, Omid Sofalian, Ali Asghari, Ali Rasoulzadeh, Bahram Fathi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (9-2019)
Abstract
In the present study, in order to evaluate the drought tolerance indices and their relationship with ISSR markers, 12 rapeseed genotypes were studied using a factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design under the three irrigation treatments (control and irrigation after drainage of 60 and 85% moisture content) in the greenhouse of Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Iran. Drought tolerance genotypes were evaluated by quantitative indices including MP, GMP, SSI, STI and TOL. Cultivars in all five of indices at two levels of stress exhibited significant differences. Regarding the results of the mean comparison at both levels of stress, SLMO46 was identified as the most resistant cultivar with the highest amount of MP and STI, and Karun was the most sensitive one with the highest amount of SSI index. According to the results of factor analysis, in the first level of stress, Sarigol32 and Karun were sensitive, and in the second level of stress, Talaye and Sarigol32 were sensitive as well. SLMO46 was known to be resistant to stress in both levels of stress. Phenotypic correlation of grain yield under stress and non-stress conditions was investigated in two levels of stress with 5 drought indices. In first level of stress condition, grain yield had a positive and significant correlation with mean productivity, geometric mean of productivity and stress tolerance index. In the second level of stress condition, the same correlation was observed with the difference that there was no significant correlation between drought tolerance and tolerance indices. Canonical correlation analysis was performed between drought indices and molecular markers. Five ISSR primers (5, 9, 11, 14 and 19) with the highest polymorphic percentages were used for calculation using the first factor coefficients. ISSR-PCR was used to identify some of the molecular markers associated with drought tolerance indices. A total of 106 clear and score-able loci were amplified by 18 ISSR primers, of which 60 bands (56.6%) were polymorphic. Finally, according to the results, these markers can be used in rapeseed breeding programs for drought tolerance.
Azam Moayedinezhad, Behrooz Mohammadparast, Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh, Ehsan Mohsenifard, Mohammad Ali Nejatian,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (9-2019)
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as a group of non-coding small RNAs, play key roles in regulating the growth, development and response of plants to various stresses. In this study, the expression patterns of three drought responsive miRNAs (miR159c, miR160a,b and miR169v) were compared in both drought tolerant (Yaghuti) and drought sensitive (Bidanesefid) grapevine cultivars using qRT-PCR under drought stress conditions. For identification the potential regulatory elements in the promoter regions of investigated miRNAs, the upstream sequences of their pre-miRNAs were analyzed using PlantCARE database. Drought related motifs such as ABREs and ABSs were identified in the regulatory regions of investigated miRNAs. Three transcription factors related to Auxin and ABA signaling were identified as the most important target genes for investigated miRNAs. The expression patterns of studied miRNAs were different affected from miRNA kind and grapevine cultivar. So, the expression of miR159 remained unchanged in Bidanesefid and increased in Yaghuti cultivar under drought stress condition, but the expression of miR160 and miR169 changed reversely in both cultivars. Cultivar dependent expression showed that miRNA responses to drought stress are also different among very relative genotypes with different drought susceptibility. Generally, considering the role of the potential target genes of investigated miRNAs, it seems that the change in the expression of evaluated miRNAs ultimately leads to the better tolerate of drought stress in Yaghuti cultivar.
Somayeh Dadashi, Reza Darvishzadeh, Mojtaba Nouraein, Hamid Hatami Maleki,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (9-2019)
Abstract
For the purpose of graphical analysis and estimation of genetic parameters related to yield and its components, six tobacco genotypes was crossed in half -diallel mating design. In this study, the F2 progenies and their parents were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between genotypes for plant height, leaf number, leaf dry weight and leaf fresh weight. Hayman graphical method was utilized for analysis of data. Diallel analysis indicated existence of an additive and dominant actions in inheritance of all studied traits. Traits including plant height, leaf number, leaf length and width, stem diameter, internode distance and leaf dry weight possessed greater additive effects meanwhile in the leaf weight the dominance effect was greater. The additive gene action detected for leaf dry weight (yield) manifested the influence of selection methods in breeding of this trait. Due to the fact that the fresh weight of the leaf was controlled by dominance effects, so hybrid-based methods are effective in modifying this trait. Also, additive and dominance gene action were contributed in heritability of yield, plant height and number of leaves. Regarding the mean values of dominance degree and results of graphical analysis, the gene action for leaf fresh weight was over-domnance and so, the heterosis phenomenon could be used to increase and improve this trait. For the traits including plant height, leaf number and yield, the gene action type was relative dominance.
Mitra Khademi, Farhad Nazarian-Firouzabadi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (9-2019)
Abstract
Recently, new molecular breeding and genetic engineering approaches have emerged to overcome the limitations of conventional breeding methods in generating disease-resistance transgenic plants. The use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to produce transgenic plants resistant to a wide range of plant pathogens has achieved great success. Among huge number of AMPs, Dermaseptin B1 (DrsB1), an antimicrobial cationic 31 amino acids peptide, exhibits significant antimicrobial activities towards a wide range of pathogens. In order to increase the antimicrobial efficacy of DrsB1, the DrsB1 encoding DNA sequence was either fused to the N- or C-terminus of the sequence encoding chitin-binding domain (CBD) of Avr4 gene from Cladosporium fulvum and constructs (CBD-DrsB1 and DrsB1-CBD) were used for tobacco leaf disk Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), semi-quantitative RT-PCR and SDS-PAGE analysis indicated the integration of transgenes in tobacco genome and expression of the recombinant genes in transgenic plants, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of extracted recombinant peptides were assessed against a number of plant and human pathogens. Both recombinant peptides had statistically significant (P<0.01) inhibitory effects on the growth and development of fungi pathogens. Also, CFU test result showed that extracted recombinant peptides from transgenic plants, had a relatively high inhibitory effect on plant pathogens. The CBD-DrsB1 recombinant peptide demonstrated a higher antibacterial activity, whereas the DrsB1-CBD recombinant peptide performed a greater antifungal activity. In addition, the expression of DrsB1-CBD recombinant peptide significantly inhibited R.solani fungal infection in comparison with Pythium sp. interestingly, fungi with a higher amount of cell wall chitin were more vulnerable to recombinant peptides, suggesting recombinant peptides present a higher affinity for cell wall chitin. Owing to the high antimicrobial activity and novelty of recombinant peptides, this strategy for the first time, could be used to generate transgenic crop plants resistant to devastating plant pathogens.
Farshad Fallah, Danial Kahrizi, Abbas Rezaeizad, Alireza Zebarzadi, Lila Zarei,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
After cereals, oilseeds are the second-largest food reserves in the world. According to available statistics, more than 95 percent of Iran's oil needs are imported. Given the growing need for edible oils in Iran, it is important to identify fatty acids in the oilseed crops. Camelina sativa L. is an oil-medicinal plant and belongs to the Brassicaceae family that requires very little water and fertilizers. It is known as a low input plant. In this study, to analyze the fatty acid profile for breeding programs and specific industries, 137 doubled haploid camelina lines were evaluated in terms of fatty acid composition and variability of fatty acids trait, to estimate phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability, and expected genetic advance. The determination of fatty acid by gas chromatography showed that 18 types of fatty acids were detectable in camelina seed oil. It is shown that the two fatty acids (C14:0 and C16:1) have the highest PCV and GCV. The highest heritability for C20:2, C20:3 and C20:0 fatty acids was estimated 98.92, 98.59 and 96.49 percent, respectively. In this study, two lines with linoleic acid of 35.81-36.67% and four lines with values ranged from 22.08-23.00% were introduced. The ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 (0.479-0.759) was obtained in the studied lines.
Mohammad Reza Jafarzadeh Razmi, Saeid Navabpour, Hossein Sabouri, Seyedeh Sanaz Ramezanpour,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
In order to analyze the genetic components of agronomic traits among 116 F9 recombinant lines derived from crosses of Ahlamitarom × Sepidroud rice cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design in research farm of Gonbad Kavous University of Agriculture with three replications in 2016 and 2017. Genetic linkage map provided with 80 SSR markers, 28 iPBS Markers (79 polymorphic alleles), 7 IRAP markers (17 polymorphic alleles) and 26 ISSR markers (70 polymorphic alleles), which covered 1275.4 cM of the rice genome. QTL analysis was performed by Composite Interval Mapping. In two years, 15 QTLs detected for the studied traits. The additive effected varied from 6.725 g for grain weight up to -85.626 g for grain weight. Also, R2 for the detected QTLs explained from 11.3% to 20% of the total variation. The highest R2 was related to grain weight in the first year of experiment. Among the detected QTLs, qGWs on chromosome 1, were found to be stable and large effector QTLs for rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain weight, and can be used in marker-assisted breeding and selection programs after validation.
Batol Gheitarani, Javad Erfani-Moghadam, Arash Fazeli,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
The common fig (Ficus carica L.), one of the most important fruit species, belongs to Moraceae family and is widely distributed in Iran. In this study, genetic variations among some genotypes of common fig collected from six different regions of Ilam province (Iran) were evaluated based on RAPD and ISSR markers. A total of 73 and 29 alleles were produced by 14 RAPD (with their sizes ranging from 350 to 2500 bp) and 5 ISSR (with their sizes ranging from 150 to 1500 bp) primers, respectively. The number of observed alleles for RAPD primers ranged from 1 (OPA-03) to 9 (OPA-09 and UBC-429), with an average of 5.21 alleles per locus. Also, the number of observed alleles for ISSR primers ranged from 3 (UBC-807) to 8 (UBC-810 and UBC-414), with an average of 5.8 alleles per locus. The highest and lowest values of Shannon's information index (I) was observed in the UBC-429 (2.18) and OPA-03 (0.12) primers, respectively. The Jaccard's genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.12 to 0.73 among genotypes based on RAPD data, while for ISSR it was recorded from 0.07 to 1. Also, based on RAPD and ISSR data at a similarity coefficient of 0.45, the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis divided the genotypes into six major groups. As a conclusion, there is a high genetic variability among fig genotypes, which is an important consideration for classification, utilization of germplasm resources and breeding programs of fig.
Mohammad Zabet, Amir Ebrahimzade, Zohreh Alizadeh, Ali Reza Samadzadeh,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
The production of new and compatible cultivars to different environments is one of the most important goals for the breeders. The crossing new cultivars and the selection of superior genotypes for desirable traits among their offspring is a method that has always been used by breeders. 28 genotypes obtained from the crossing of a 7 × 7 one-way diallel experiment consisting of seven parents (Alvand, Anfarm9, Chamran2, BC Roshan, Qods, Ofogh, local variety Sorkh-dane) and their 21 hybrids were investigated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research field of the Faculty of Agriculture of University of Birjand (Iran) under non-stress and drought stress conditions. The analysis of variance showed a significant difference among genotypes for all traits. Mean squares of GCA and SCA were significant for all traits under non-stress and stress conditions, so, there were additive and non-additive components of heritable variance in all traits. The BC Roshan parent had the high combining ability and Ofogh parent had the lowest combining ability in most traits in non-stress and stress conditions. In both conditions, BC-Roshan × Chamran2, Sorkh-dane × Qods and Ofogh × Anfarm9 hybrids had the highest yield and yield dependent traits. Hayman's variance analysis showed that component a (additive genetic diversity), component b (dominance genetic diversity), component b1 (heterosis), component b2 (heterosis specifically for each parent), and component b3 (specific dominance deviation per cross) were significant in both conditions in all traits.The Hayman's analysis confirmed the results of Griffing's analysis.
Raheleh Aziznia, Hedieh Badakhshan, Taimoor Javadi, Soma Zamani,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
In this study, variation of beta-glucan content was assessed in 20 barley line and cultivars based on complete block design with three replications. Genetic diversity of these genotypes was also evaluated using ISSR markers. Beta-glucan extracted by an enzymatic method. Significant differences were found at the level of 1% among barley genotypes for beta-glucan content. The beta glucan content was variable from 7.21 to 12.48 and, the Yosef, E94B3 and E94B17 genotypes hold the highest content of the beta-glucan. ISSR primers with average polymorphism of 66.79%, genetic diversity of 0.25 and Shannon index of 0.37 were determined as efficient markers for studying genetic diversity. The barley lines and cultivars were assigned in two distinct groups according to their genetic pedigree. On the basis of non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation, and stepwise regression analysis, nine informative primers were detected explaining highest seed’s beta-glucan content variations ranging from 24.3 to 42.4 percent. The ISSR6 (700), the combination of ISSR1+ISSR4 (1400) and IS2+ ISSR2 (1400) primers were the most informative primers for the beta-glucan content. The informative markers provide possible functional and efficient marker based selection method and, screening the barley germplasms for the highest beta-glucan content.
Kobra Arab, Rudabeh Ravash, Behrouz Shiran,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
Increasing drought tolerance, especially in rice, which is one of the most important crops in Asia, is necessary. Transcription factors are specific sequence DNA-binding proteins that are capable of activating or suppressing transcription. These proteins regulate gene expression levels by binding to cis regulatory elements in the promoter of target genes to control various biological processes such as growth, cell division and response to environmental stresses. In this study, MAD8 and MYB93 genes that were involved in drought stress in rice were considered in two leaf and anther tissues at 0, 24, 48, 72 h and one week after stopping irrigation. The results of q-PCR analysis showed significant expression changes of these transcription factor genes under drought stress conditions. In this study, a significant increase in the expression of these genes at 24 h after drought stress in transgenic plants (Promoter region with accession: NC_029264.1 and GUS gene have transformed) compared to non-transgenic plants showed a relationship between these transcription factors and higher expression of transported promoter in transgenic plants.
Azadeh Souri, Asghar Mirzaie-Asl, Leila Khodaei, Mohammad Reza Abdollahi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
Autumn sowing of sugar beet is a suitable way in sustainable agriculture. Bolting is an undesirable phenomenon which reduces sugar beet yield and it is the most important limiting factor in autumn sowing of sugar beet. Identification and comparison of the sequence of flowering genes in various genotypes can help to understand the molecular mechanisms controlling bolting. In the previous studies, it was revealed that expression level of FT1 and VIN3 genes in sugar beet is associated with bolting resistance. In this study, the sequence of FT1 gene promotor and three versions of VIN3 gene promoters of sugar beet were compared in three bolting resistant and three bolting susceptible genotypes. Primer design for each gene was carried out using the DNA sequences found at the NCBI database. DNA was extracted from leaf samples growing in pots and was used as template in PCR reactions. Similar length of amplified fragments for each promoter gene in bolting susceptible and bolting resistant genotypes were selected and sequenced for more accurate assessment. There was no mutation in the FT1 gene promoter, however 624 substitution and insertion/deletion mutations were observed in the promoter of three versions of VIN3 gene. A 228-bp ins/del region was detected in the VIN3-like1 promoter. This region contains promoter elements and seems to have a control function. Comparison of detected mutations between susceptible and resistant genotypes did not show a distinct pattern for bolting.
Reza Mir Drikvand, Kamran Samiei,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
Estimation of genetic diversity and evaluation of plant germplasm is the most important step in collection and management of plant genetic resources. Also, comparison of different DNA-based genetic markers in diversity evaluation and then advising the most efficient markers is very important. In order to investigate genetic variation among Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindi.) populations of Lorestan province (Iran), 20 genotypes were collected from different geographical and climatic regions. After DNA extraction, polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used for study of polymorphism using three markers including ISJ, ISSR and SCoT. Genotyping was performed using the polymorphic bands obtained from all three markers separately, and also by combining the data of three markers. PCR results of the primers showed 91 polymorphic bands with an average of 71% per locus. The ISSR marker with 44 bands had the most polymorphic bands. Genotypes were discriminated by ISJ, ISSR and SCoT markers in 5, 6 and 5 groups, respectively, and using the combined data of three markers, genotypes were classified in 5 groups (each group included more than one genotype) and 3 group (each group included one genotype). The results showed that the obtained clustering by different markers were nearly consistent with clustering of genotypes based on the climatic origin of genotypes. The most similarity between the groupings was between ISJ and ISSR markers with 89%. Overall, the results indicated the usefulness of markers used to estimate genetic distances between different oak communities.
Leila Fahmideh, Mohammad Ali Delarampoor, Ziba Fooladvand,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
Drought, an abiotic stress, considered as one of the factors limiting food resources. The plant responses to adaptive to such a condition are accompanied with changes in the expression pattern of some functional as well as regulatory genes. The MYB proteins include a big family of transcription factors which are highly important in regulating development process and immunizing responses of plants. This research was conducted to evaluate the expression of TaMYB73 transcription factor and catalase and polyphenol peroxidase enzymes activity in bread wheat cultivars (Hamoon, Hirmand, Kavir, Bolani, and Cross Bolani) under drought stress conditions. Factorial experiment was conducted in pot based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. Following 45 days from seed planting (four- leaf stage), drought stress was done at five levels of different irrigation and then the leaves of treated plants were sampled to measure of enzyme activity and gene expression. After RNA extraction and c DNA synthesis, the gene expression pattern was evaluated using Real-time PCR and data analysis was performed via 2-ΔΔ ct method. The results showed that TaMYB73 gene expression level as well as the catalase and polyphenol peroxidase enzymes activities corresponding to the Hirmand cultivar was higher than the other cultivars.
Seyed Sajad Sohrabi, Seyyed Mohsen Sohrabi, Seyed Karim Mousavi, Mohsen Mohammadi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is the most valuable and expensive spice in the world. The stigmas of saffron are the source of valuable apocarotenoids such as crocin, picrocrocin and safranal. transcriptomic and expression studies of genes are important steps in investigating of secondary metabolites in plants. One of the important prerequisites for such studies is the existence of reliable and stable reference genes to normalize the expression of other genes. In the present study, eight reference genes were identified and isolated using transcriptome of saffron and their expression stability was evaluated by nonparametric statistics and methods. The results of amplification and sequencing showed accurate identification of eight reference genes Actin, EF1, GAPDH, H3, MDH, TBP, UBC and UBQ. The expression stability evaluation revealed that MDH and UBQ genes had the highest stability among different saffron tissues and TBP had the lowest stability among them. In this study, for first time, eight reference genes were isolated from saffron and their expression stability was evaluated. The reference genes identified in the present study can be used as stable genes to normalize gene expression in transcriptomic and expression studies of saffron plant.
Syed Mehran Alavi Mehryan, Nasser Zare, Asad Masumiasl, Parisa Sheikhzadeh, Rasool Asghari,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
Ferulago angulata (Schlecht) Boiss is one of the valuable and endemic medicinal plants of Iran, which is of great importance due to the source of terpenoid compounds and antimicrobial properties. In current study, the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid and yeast extract in cell suspension culture of F.angulata on expression pattern of the HMGR and GPPS genes (involved in terpenes biosynthesis) were investigated for the first time. The F. angulata cell suspension cultures were initiated and established using calli derived from leaf explants, and salicylic acid and yeast extract elicitors (with 50, 100 and 150 mg/L concentrations) were added to the cultures during active growth. Then, the cell samples were prepared at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. Analysis of expression pattern of HMGR and GPPS genes using Real-time PCR showed that the expression of both genes were significantly influenced by the type and concentration of the elicitors and also the times after treatment. The relative expression of HMGR and GPPS genes under elicitors were increased compared to the control, and furthermore, the increase in the relative expression of these genes under salicylic acid treatment was significantly higher than that of yeast extract treatment. The highest relative expression of GPPS and HMGR genes was related to 100 mg/L salicylic acid treatment at 24 hours after treatment. However, the highest relative expression of these genes was observed under the 24 and 72 hours after treatment of 150 mg/L yeast extract. The results of this study could be useful in metabolic engineering of F. angulata.
Abbas Saberi Kuchesfahani, Atefeh Sabouri, Amin Abedi, Ali Aalami, Teimour Razavipour,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
water stress and, in this regard, it is necessary to improve rice cultivars to tolerance to environmental stresses. In this research 154 recombinant inbred lines (F9) derived from a cross between Shah-Pasand and IR28 in three conditions (non-stress, osmotic stress -0.3 and -0.6 Mpa induced through polyethylene glycol-6000) were evaluated as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design. In addition, for molecular polymorphism experiment, 110 SSR and EST-SSR markers were assessed on parents of population and among them, 41 markers identified which had proper polymorphism between two parents. The regression analysis between germination components and molecular markers revealed the most coefficient of determination were found in RM211 for allometric coefficient (17%) under non-stress, RMES10-1 for Plumule dry weight (18%) under -0.3 MPa; and RM273 for germination uniformity (22.7%) under -0.6 MPa. RM3496, RM452, and RMES6-1 in three conditions had the most number of significant relationships with six, three and eight traits, respectively, and they can be a suitable candidate for simultaneous improvement of several traits in breeding programs of marker-assisted selection. In addition, after the identification of significant markers associated with germination components, the closest genes to these markers were identified using bioinformatic analysis, and the analysis of their expression were performed by rice transcriptome database. According to the results, the maximum gene expression pattern under drought stress and under non-stress conditions were related to loci LOC_Os01g57220 and LOC_Os01g26039, respectively and this information could be applied in breeding programs.
Abouzar Abouzari, Ahmad Reza Dadras, Behrouz Golein, Yahya Tajvar,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
In breeding programs, it is necessary having knowledge of the relatedness and genetic diversity in germplasm pools. The spread of cultivated regions and the high levels of production indicates citrus importance in the global economy. Therefore, 110 citrus genotypes were evaluated using 12 ISSR markers. Overall, 154 polymorphic bands were scored with an average of 12.8 alleles per primer. The polymorphism percentage ranged from 57 for the ISSR1 to 82 for the ISSR9. Averages of polymorphic information content (PIC), marker index (MI), gene diversity index (Nei), Shannon index (I) and number of effective alleles (Ne) were 0.48 ± 0.002, 6.14 ± 1.17, 0.42 ± 0.11, 0.61 ± 0.12 and 1.78 ± 0.27, respectively. Based on genetic diversity statistics, the studied population had high genetic diversity, and four markers (ISSR11, ISSR9, ISSR4, and ISSR5) had more potential for differentiation of genotypes. Cluster analysis and model-based structure analysis, divided the genotypes into five groups and four subpopulations based on the Neighbor-Joining method (NJ) and Bayesian approach, respectively. Based on both analyses, grouping of unknown genotypes and control cultivars in the same group probably confirms the assumption of a common genetic background between these genotypes. Results from the two analyses showed that Pummelo (C. maxima), Mandarin (C. reticulate), and Citron (C. medica), as three true citrus species, separated in different groups. In addition to the three true species, at least one species or another genus of citrus relatives is involved in the genetic makeup of the studied population. In this study, although both used analyses were effective in completing each other's information, by considering the degree of genetic mixing and the information of the origin of the genotypes, the effectiveness of model-based structure analysis in evaluating genetic relationships could be achieved.
Mahdi Rezaei, Abdoreza Kavand,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Cultivar identification in micro-propagated date palm seedlings is laborious so that application of molecular markers to facilitate and acceleration of the procedure seems inevitable. Given the need for control the originality of micro- propagated date palm seedlings, the aim of this study was evaluation of SSR markers usability to cultivar identification in micro-propagated date palm seedlings. Original samples of Green Ghanami, Red Ghanami, Gantar, Deiry, Ostaemran, Barhi, Medjool, Zahedi and Piarum cultivars were used control. Taking into account the rigidity of leaves and subsequently high consumption of liquid nitrogen to powder leaves, an efficient method for powdering of leaves using Tissue Lyser II instrument was optimized. Eight SSR primer pairs were used for polymerase chain reaction. The Results showed that by using these molecular markers and reliable controls, determination of micro- propagated date palm cultivars is feasible. Clustering of cultivars showed that all of them were differentiated using five SSR primer pairs including mPdCIR025, mPdCIR057, mPdCIR070, PDAG1003 and DP175. Also, barcoding of scored band illustrated that c1 allele (230 to 240 bp) for Piarum cultivar and d3 allele (220 to 230 bp) for Medjool cultivar were exclusive. Totally to make the results referable, cultivar identification diagram was drawn up.
Abbas Gholipour, Seyed Kamal Kazemitabar, Sara Sharifi Soltani,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Sweet flag (Acorus calamus) is a perennial, semi-aquatic and aromatic plant of the family Acoraceae that, in addition to its multiple medicinal properties, is used in health, food and agricultural industries (as pest control). This research was conducted to comparasion study of genetic diversity of natural and regenerated plants from tissue culture of Arzefon, Pelesk and Alandan populations of Sweet flag by using ISSR molecular markers. Out of 15 screened primers, 9 primers produced the most polymorphic bands. Totally, these primers generated 83 bands, of which 52 bands (62.65%) were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic locus for natural and regenerated plants was 43.37% and 55.42%, respectively, and Nei’s genetic diversity (H) was calculated to be 0.239 for the two studied groups. The Shannon’s index (I) for natural and regenerated plants was estimated to be 0.251 ± 0.033 and 0.299 ± 0.031, respectively. Among the natural and regenerated groups, the highest genetic similarity was observed between the samples of Alandan population (0.63), and the lowest value was observed between the samples of Pelesk population (0.44). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 94 % of genetic variation attributed to whithin groups and 6 % to between groups. Based on the results, the genetic diversity of the regenerated plants was higher than the natural plants. According to the results of the present research, the lowest rate of genetic divergence was observed between natural and regenerated plants of Alandan populatiuon, so the plants of this population could be suitable for domestication and cultivation in Iran.
Seyede Yalda Raeesi Sadati, Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh Godehkahriz, Ali Ebadi, Mohammad Sedghi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Under drought stress condition, the signaling system induces expression of certain genes to counteract the deleterious effects of environmental stress. Among the essential micronutrients for plant growth and development, zinc has an important role in many plant metabolic processes including gene expression and stress tolerance. In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and ZnO on relative expression pattern of some genes involved in abiotic stresses (including WRKY1, HMA2 and ZIP1 genes) in wheat cultivars, a factorial experimental was conducted in pot condition based on a completely randomized design with three replications. In this experiment, the first factor was three levels of drought stress (35, 60 and 85% of field capacity), the second factor was three wheat cultivars (including Heidari, Meihan and Sysons), and the third factor was three levels of ZnO (0, 0.5 and 1 g/l-1). According to the results, with increasing the level of drought stress, the relative expression of WRKY1 and ZIP1 genes in drought tolerant cultivar (Meihan), and also with increasing nanoparticle concentration over stress time, the expression of ZIP1 gene in drought sensitive cultivar (Sysons) increased. The highest relative expression of HMA2 gene was observed in Heidari cultivar under mild drought stress. Generally, the expression of all three genes studied in tolerant cultivar (Meihan) increased under drought stress. Increasing the expression level of HMA2 and ZIP1 genes could be related to the transfer of zinc to consuming tissues and also, to increase the consumption of zinc in current metabolism of plant, which is important in tolerance of wheat to drought stress.
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