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Arash Salami, Mohammadhadi Pahlevani, Khalil Zenalinezhad, Mohsen Esmaeilzadeh Moghaddam,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2018)
Abstract
Collection and conservation of germplasm, particularly for landraces of important agronomically species and organizing their information, cause to continuity of their usefulness and reduce the risk of their genetic erosion. In this experiment, 10 Iranian wheat landraces along with the Chinese Spring cultivar, as control, were used to assess inter and intra populations variation by using ISSR molecular markers and morphological traits. Evaluation of populations in terms of height, spike length, awn length, number of spike nodes, number of grains per spike, flag leaf length and grain weight showed that there were considerable variation among landraces. Also, in some landraces like KhorramAbad and Ardabil, intra population diversity for some of these traits, such as plant height and length of awn, was obvious. Evaluation of the landraces for ISSR markers showed that among 99 scored bands, 78 bands were polymorphic. Percent of polymorphism with mean of 81.88 % was varied from 53.33 for primer of ISSR-4 to 100% for primers of ISSR-9, ISSR-14, ISSR-5 and ISSR-7. Average PIC of the landraces was estimated 3.0. Results of this study showed that there was considerable intra population diversity for the ISSR markers in landraces of KhorramAbad, Maragheh and Torbat-e-Heydarieh however, a little diversity for Khoy, Ahwaz, Isfahan, Mashad, Urmia, Shiraz and Ardabil was observed. Results of this study showed that there is inter and intra genetic diversity within Iranian landraces of wheat with different levels and these landraces can be used as basic population for extraction of pure lines.
Amir Gholizadeh, Hamid Dehghani, Mostafa Khodadadi,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2018)
Abstract
In any breeding program, knowledge of the nature of gene action involved in the inheritance of traits is a basic requirement. In this research, diallel crosses progenies of six coriander landrace were evaluated in F1 and F2 generations. The genotypes were evaluated in different irrigation conditions in three separate experiments, in which each experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing season of 2016. Results of genetic variance analyses revealed significant mean squares of general and specific combining ability for all traits, indicating the importance of additive and non-additive genetic effects for these traits. Additive gene actions played a more important role in controlling of plant height, leaf number, branch number and biological yield, whereas the role of non-additive gene actions was more conspicuous than those of additive gene actions in controlling of harvest index and fruit yield. Therefore, providing superior hybrids using breeding methods based on progeny test will be effective to improve these traits. Also, among selected parents, P4 parent in normal irrigation and moderate water stress and P6 parent in sever water stress were the best parents for crosses in the development of high-yield varieties in coriander.
Shahin Jahangirzadeh Khiavi, Zabihollah Zamani, Mohamadreza Fatahi, Masoumeh Ashourpour,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2018)
Abstract
The chloroplastic DNA of 64 accessions of apple (Malus spp.) (54 Iranian genotypes, five commercial cultivars and five rootstocks) were analyzed to reveal their haplotypes by using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Approximately 4320 bp of the chloroplast genome was analyzed, by using two chloroplast universal primer pairs and two restriction enzymes (EcoRI and MseI). All the mutations detected were insertion-deletions been in the range between 10-40 bp. The combination of all the mutations resulted to six haplotypes (H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 and H6) in the studied apple accessions. It was defined that the Iranian apple rootstock 'Gami-Almasi' had a specific haplotype form all the other studied accessions. It was approved that cpDNA diversity data can be considered for phylogenetic studies in this plant and the polymorphism determined in cytoplasmic genome by PCR-RFLP method can help to understand the maternal inheritance in apple.
Khadijeh Mousa Khalifani, Reza Darvishzadeh, Masoud Abrinbana, Aram Nouri,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important crop that its oil has nutritional and high economic value. Basal stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor, is one of the important and devastating disease of sunflower. The use of resistant cultivars is considered as the most important and effective method to control the disease. In this study, the reaction of 100 oily sunflower lines to three isolates of S. sclerotiorum and three isolates of S. minor was studied. Identification of gene loci associated with resistance to disease was done with markers produced with 30 SSR primers pairs. The results showed that some of sunflower genotypes had well resistant to Sclerotinia disease. Population structure analysis using Structure software identified 2 subpopulations (K=2). Association analysis using TASEEL software with general and mixed linear models (GLM and MLM) identified 14 and 12 loci, respectively that have significant association with resistant genes related to Sclerotinia. ORS617 locus was commonly related to genes associated with resistance to M1 from S. minor and J1 from S. sclerotiorum. The common markers are important in sunflower breeding programs making possible simultaneously selection for several traits and producing resistant cultivars to Sclerotinia disease.
Roya Zirak, Ali Soleimani, Mehrshad Zeinolabedini, Hamid Hatami Maleki, Azizolah Kheiri,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Genetic diversity among Russian olive genotypes in three different regions of East-Azerbaijan province (includes Tabriz, Maragheh and Malekan) were assessed using morphological and molecular (AFLP) markers. Results of the quantitative and qualitative traits statistics showed a significant genetic variation among studied germplasm and categorized them in five distinguished groups. The most number of genotypes from Maragheh region were in group 1, while, the group 3 consisted of the majority of genotypes from Tabriz region. All genotypes were analyzed with 14 EcoRI-MseI primer combinations. A total of 439 informative and polymorph AFLP markers was generated and analyzed. Based on Jaccard Similarity Index, the minimum genetic similarity was observed between genotype 19 (from Malekan region) and 27 (from Maragheh). The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed the suitable genomic distribution of AFLP markers among individuals. The highest (0.83 %) and lowest (0.33 %) polymorphic information content achieved by primers combination MTTT-EGA and MGT-ETA, respectively. Cluster analysis using molecular data and UPGMA algorithm, classified the studied genotypes in three distinguished groups. The genotypes at the same geographical region did not classify in the same group based on clustering by molecular data. However, this achieved to a large extent when they were classified groups using morphological traits. This result might be explained in terms of convergent evolution and some in part due to asexual propagation of Russian olive from the limited maternal genotypes and distribution across the different geographical regions.
Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini, Ahmad Ismaili, Seyed Sajad Sohrabi,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Drought is a threaded factor in the world production and application of breeding methods could improve the tolerant and adapted cultivators under drought stress condition. In order to evaluate and determine the stress tolerance indices and identifion of tolerant genotypes to drought stress, 15 safflower genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two conditions (stress and non-stress). Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits, stress tolerance indices and yield in both conditions. Significant positive correlation was found between grain yield in the stress condition with indicators stress tolerance index, harmonic mean and geometric mean productivity indicating that these indices are suitable criteria for screening drought tolerant genotypes. No significant correlation was observed between Ys with tolerance index and mean productivity, hence they can be discarded as the desirable markers for identifying drought tolerant genotypes. In conclusion, using a graphical approach of three dimensional scatter plots, Principal component analysis and biplot analysis, two tolerant genotype (Syrian and Kino-76) were selected for future programs in stress and non-stress condition.
Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini, Behroz Shiran, Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Phylogenetic relations among 12 wild species of almonds, one cultivated almond and one species of peach were investigated by using of ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 sequences and trnL region of chloroplast DNA. To do this, maximum-parsimony and neighbor joining analysis adopted. Results of ITS data showed that studied species of Prunus only divided in two groups but incapable to separate different sections. P. tenella showed more diverse genetic distance in compare to other studied species and it seems that this species does not belong to Amygdalus. Also, by using the ITS data it can be reported that Prunus is monophyletic. In this research, the genetic distances for each pair of species were determined and the average genetic distance between species shows only the lowest genetic distance within the genus. Therefore, Prunus is a single genus. Regarding its high similarity of trnL region in wild almond species, it can be reported that maternal ancestor of Prunus is the same and trnL is not optimum marker to separate species of almond.
Faranak Khanmakoo, Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi, Robab Salami, Saeed Aharizad,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Fungal diseases, especially leaf and stripe rusts are wheat yield reducing factors in Iran and the world. In this study, genetic diversity of 20 wheat varieties with different response to leaf and stripe rusts were studied using primers designed based on the conserved regions of plant disease resistance genes. The banding patterns of polymorphic markers were scored as dominant and number of amplified bands and percentage of polymorphism were determined. In addition, for each primer combination, polymorphic information content (PIC) and marker index (MI) were calculated. Out of the 11 used single primers and primer combinations, five primer combinations and a single primer produced scorable amplification. The maximum and minimum of PIC were observed for LLOOP-1 and H2016-H2020 primer combination with mean value of 0.50 and 0.28, respectively. The primer combinations of H2016-H1146 and H2016-H2020 with mean values of 4.80 and of 2.84, had minimum and maximum of MI, respectively. Cluster analysis based on Neighbor-Joining algorithm and evolutionary P-distance coefficient assigned the varieties into four groups which were in agreement with their response to yellow rust. In principal coordinate analysis, the scatter plot of varieties based on two first coordinates confirmed the groups obtained from cluster analysis.
Seyede Minoo Mirarab Razi, Reza Shirzadian-Khorramabad2, Hossein Sabouri, Babak Rabiei, Hossein Hosseini Moghadam5,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (9-2019)
Abstract
Salinity is an important limiting factor in the production of more plants, including rice. Due to the limited amount of cultivated area, identification of tolerant genotypes to environmental stresses and especially salinity is very important. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity among 114 recombinant lines derived from the intersection of local Tarom × Khazar cultivars under non stress conditions and salinity levels of 8 dS/m in reproductive stage in a completely randomized design. Combined analysis of variance showed that the differences between lines was significant for all traits. Genotypic variation coefficients also showed that the highest genetic variation among the evaluated recombinant lines was related to the number of panicles per plant. In contrast, days to 50% flowering showed the least genetic variation among these lines. In non stress and stress conditions, the highest genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient was observed between grain yield and number of fill grain in seedlings. Based on the cluster analysis of grain yield, the lines were classified into four groups under normal conditions and were classified into three groups under salinity conditions. The third-party lines in both cases had a higher average than the overall average. In general, the results of this study showed that there is a significant genetic variation between the studied lines in terms of salt tolerance and this variety can be used in subsequent corrective programs. Accordingly, lines 83, 81, 56, 39, 37 and 89 were the most sensitive lines and lines 107, 101, 16, 100, 84, 98, 47, 32, 14, 29, 95, 63, 5, 49, 92 and 10 were the most tolerant lines to salinity stresses of 8 dS/m and they also had higher yields and yield components. Strained lines are proposed directly for cultivating saline or for transferring salt tolerance to commercial cultivars through future breeding programs.
Leili Tahani, Mehrana Koohi Dehkordi, Hamid Dehghanzade,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (9-2019)
Abstract
German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an s an annual plant of the composite family Asteraceae. This plant is native to the Mediterranean region, and some researchers have reported its origins in Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of nine chamomile populations using the SCoT marker. Ten SCoT primers were used. A total of 141 bands were produced, of which 140 bands (96.5%) showed polymorphism. Cluster analysis was performed using UPGMA algorithm based on Jaccard's coefficient of similarity. The results of cluster analysis and principal components analysis divided the chamomile population into four groups. The results of the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the inter-group variation was greater than the intra-group variation, so that 55% of variation was related to the diversity among the groups. The results of this study showed that SCoT markers have high efficiency in determining the genetic diversity and relationships of the chamomile populations.
Mehdi Soltani Howyzeh, Seyed Ahmad Sadat Noori, Vahid Shariati, Mahboubeh Amiripour,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (9-2019)
Abstract
The medicinal plant, Trachyspermum ammi is a rich source of active pharmaceutical ingredients with pharmaceutics effects. Microsatellite markers play a key role in the genome and gene expression, especially in secondary metabolite biosynthesis in medicinal plants. For the first time, transcriptome sequencing of this herb medicine was carried out to identify the microsatellite markers of this species. After pair-end sequencing with the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, the quality of the reads was evaluated by FastQC software, trimming was performed by Trimmomatic software and De novo assembly was done with Trinity software. In this study, 11,468 unitranscripts (7913 unigenes) were found to contain 13593 potential microsatellites. The most abundant microsatellite types were di-nucleotide (67%) and tri-nucleotide (24%). Also, six repeated SSRs were the most abundant repeats. The predominant sequence was AG / CT (31%). Sixty-five percent of SSRs were belonged to class II (10-20 nucleotides) and 35% to class I (more than 20 nucleotides). The frequency of SSRs found to be approximately one per 10.1 kB of assembled sequence. More than 57 percent of unigenes containing SSRs were blasted with carrot genome. This showed that T. ammi was an Apiaceae family member and had a high similarity to the carrot genome. A total of 3437 unigenes (43%) were categorized functionally, which among them 2,219 unigenes (64.6%) belonged to the "metabolic process" category and 71 unigenes (1.2%) were assigned to the "secondary metabolic process". In this study, 12 genes were detected in the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway, that their transcripts were containing a microsatellite. These SSRs probably contribute to the genes expression and the biosynthesis of metabolites, especially secondary metabolites. The development of these markers can be used for future studies of marker-assisted selection, genetic diversity and construct genetic maps in this medicinal plant.
Negin Eslahi, Mojegan Kowsari, Mostafa Motallebi#, Mohammad Reza Zamani, Sepideh Akbari,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (9-2019)
Abstract
The transition from the vegetative phase to reproductive phase is the most important event in production and genetic innovation. This phenomenon is influenced by many genetic and environmental factors in plants. According to studies carried out in this field, one of the environmental factors affects the reproductive and flowering process is Trichoderma species, which is abundant in soil. This study was carried out to evaluate the ability of two recombinant Trichoderma harzianum strains containing chimeric chit 42 (with CHBD domain) and wild-type strain to promote common bean flowering and yield increase in vivo condition. To do this, flowering parameters such as a number of flowers, flowering time and effective parameters in yield were evaluated. Also, expression level of some flowering-related genes such as FT and SOC1 were measured using real-time PCR. The results showed that the bean plants treated with recombinant strains had a significantly increased number of flowers and earlier flowering compared to the control and wild type Trichoderma. Also, plants treated with recombinant strains showed a significant difference in the number and weight of the pod compared to the plant treated with wild type strain and non-treated plants. In addition, the plants treated with T13 strain showed more expression levels of the FT and SOC1 genes (with ratio of 3.42 and 3.41 fold respectively) compared to other treatments and control plant. Finally, T13 recombinant strain exhibited a better performance compared to the other strains through a positive effect on flowering and then increased the crop yield.
Ali Akbar Asadi, Mostafa Valizadeh, Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi, Manochehr Khodarahmi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
Dehydration is the most important limiting factor in agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions, and water shortages (especially at the reproductive stages) due to lack of precipitation and unequal distribution are inappropriate for limiting the yield. In this research, cross between the Gasspard cultivar (dehydrated susceptible parent) and DN11 line (resistant parent) was performed. F1, F2, F3, BC1 and BC2 generations along with parents, were planted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in normal and water deficit conditions for two consecutive years. Physiological traits were measured for single plant samples. Weighted analysis of variance showed that water deficit stress caused significant decrease in flag leaf area and unsignificant decrease in stomatal conductance. Generation mean analysis for Chlorophyll index was accompanied by different results in terms of regression fitted models for each environment, but for stomatal conductance, the results of the generation mean analysis were the same in both environments. In addition to additive and dominant effects, epistatic interaction effects also played role in the inheritance of all studied traits. Most of these effects were double-effects. In flag leaf area, additive, additive × dominant and dominant × dominant effects were involved in inheritance. In water relative content, in addition to these effects, dominant effect was also involved in inheritance. Generations variance analysis showed that the gene action was additive for relative water content, dominant for flag leaf area and over dominant (in both conditions) for stomatal conductance. The gene action for Chlorophyll index under stress and normal conditions were over dominant and additive respectively.
Alireza Haghighi Hasanalideh, Ezatollah Farshadfar, Mehrzad Allahgholipour,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the gene effects, heritability, heterosis and identification of appropriate breeding methods for improving rice viscosity parameters, during 2014-2016 at Rice Research Institute of Iran. The progeny obtained from the North Carolina III mating design with their parents were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance for viscosity parameters revealed that the effect of females, male effect and interaction between males and females effect were significant for all parameters with the exception for peak viscosity. Evaluating of genetic parameters indicated that viscosity characters are affected by additive and non-additive effects of gene action. The share of non-additive effects in genetic control of peak viscosity had beyond additive gene action, while, the contribution of additive effects was greater for the breakdown viscosity, final viscosity and setback viscosity. High estimates of broad sense heritability revealed that the expression of viscosity parameters is more influenced by genetic effects. With regard to non-additive gene actions and low narrow sense heritability estimation in peak viscosity, using hybrid based programs would be promising to improve this trait. For other viscosity parameters, narrow sense heritability estimates were high. Therefore, the use of selection based programs to improve these traits is encouraging. Assessing of relative heterosis through mid-parents showed that heterosis ranged from -3.73 to 1.93%, 5.51 to 21.33%, -4.57 to 1.26% and -26.04 to 9.36%, for the peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity and setback viscosity, respectively.
Peyman Masoumi, Fatemeh Amini, Hossein Ramshini,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
Genetic diversity is the basis of breeding studies in many plant species and is one of the most important indicators for selecting parents. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the genetic diversity of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) using agronomic traits such as plant height, spring growth score, days to flowering, days to pollination, flag leaf length and width, panicle length, weight of 100 seed and seed yield per plant. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Based on the results, the ecotypes were significantly different for all of the evaluated traits with the exception of 100 seed weight. The highest phenotypic variation coefficient (58.66), genetic variation coeficient (58.32) and heritability (0.97) were related to plant height. The correlation between traits showed that ecotypes with higher height, panicle length and flag leaf height and spring growth score have higher seed yield. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that in the regression model for seed yield per plant, the panicle length, alone, justified 60.95% of the variation. Cluster analysis grouped 25 ecotypes into three groups. Analysis of variance of agronomic traits as well as yield and related traits showed that grouping caused mean squares between groups in all traits (except flag leaf width). In this study, high genetic diversity and high heritability for evaluated traits showed the potentials of genetic improvement.
Saman Valizadeh, Ahmad Ismaili, Hadi Ahmadi, Omid Ali Akbarpour, Bijan Bajalan, Ashkboos Amini,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
Wheat is mostly cultivated at rainfed condition in Iran, so, water deficit stress has much effect on yield reduction. Hence, breeding activities are necessary for introduction of wheat tolerant genotypes to water deficit stress. In order to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation between traits of 36 wheat genotypes, an experiment was conducted in two separate conditions (water stress and non-stress) based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Studied traits in wheat genotypes under water stress and normal condition showed significant differences for environment, genotype and genotype× environment interaction at 1 and 5% level of probability. The results of the factor analysis showed that the 6 first factor in normal condition explained 81.13% of total variance, and the 5 first factor in stress condition explained 74.96% of total variance. Estimation of genetic correlations based on REML approach revealed that biological yield, harvest index and number of grains per spike had the highest correlation with grain yield and these characteristics are of important for selecting the varieties with high yield under non-stress and stress conditions. Estimation of heritability based on REML approach showed that number of days to heading had the highest amount of heritability in both normal and stress conditions.
Alireza Asghari Mirak, Seyed Siamak Alaviakia, Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Henbane has a high medicinal value due to the presence of hyoscyamine and scopolamine alkaloids. Improving the quality and quantity of henbane alkaloids using modern breeding methods requires evaluating the genetic diversity. The genetic diversity of henbane has been investigated using morphological, biochemical and molecular markers in several studies and the superiority of molecular markers over other markers has been proven. To this end, in 2018, the genetic diversity of 96 henbane genotypes collected from the habitats of northwest Iran was investigated using IRAP and REMAP molecular markers. For IRAP markers, out of 36 possible combinations obtained from eight LTR primers, seven combinations had a fine and scalable amplification. In the REMAP technique, the combination of 11 ISSR primers with eight LTR primers was used, and 12 combinations could be scored out of 88 possible combinations. The average amount of polymorphic information for IRAP and REMAP markers was 0.30 and 0.32, respectively, and the average marker index for these two markers was estimated as 2.59 and 2.47. Based on these criteria, REMAP marker was more efficient than IRAP in estimating the genetic diversity of henbane. In the analysis of molecular variance using IRAP and REMAP markers, intra-population variability was estimated to be higher than inter-population, which indicates the high diversity of these populations in northwestern Iran. Cluster analysis based on IRAP marker failed to separate species and populations, but REMAP marker was able to separate H. pusillus and H. reticulatus species to a high degree. A high shannon index in this research suggests that IRAP and REMAP retrotransposon markers resulted in a high genetic diversity within henbane populations with a high insertion in the genome of henbane populations.
Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh Godehkahriz, Fatemah Jalali Shahko, Seyedeh Yalda Raisi Sadati,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
The various medicinal functions of Yarrow have made it an important medicinal plant in medicine. Also, yarrow is a rich source of antioxidants and flavonoids that protect plants from the harmful effects of active oxygen species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of salicylic acid treatment on the expression pattern of two genes (aox2 and pal2) involved in the production of antioxidants and flavonoids in Yarrow plant. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design including salicylic acid at two levels (0 and 50 mM) as the first factor and sampling time with two levels (24 and 48 hours) as the second factor in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture. First, the yarrow plant was subjected to hormonal treatment in Johnson's hydroponic environment, and 24 and 48 hours after the treatment, leaf tissue sampling was done. The results of qRT-PCR showed that salicylic acid stimulation significantly decreased the expression of two genes in the path of producing antioxidants in yarrow. The lowest relative expression of studied genes occurred 48 hours after treatment with salicylic acid. In general, the use of salicylic acid triggers molecular processes that result in the plant responding by changing the expression level of genes encoding antioxidants and flavonoids; therefore, it is suggested to use other stimulants such as jasmonic acid to investigate the expression of genes encoding antioxidants and flavonoids in future researches.
Mohammad Nader Ebrahimi, Hadi Ahmadi, Mostafa Darvishnia, Daryoush Ghoudarzi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Hexaploid winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n= 6x= 42, AABBDD) is an important small-grain cereal crop grown for food and feed. In Iran, wheat is the most cultivated cereal crop where winter wheat is ranked 1st in terms of production. Wheat fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases of wheat in humid and hot regions of the world, which causes a decrease in yield and grain quality. Fusarium head blight is caused by Fusarium graminearum. In order to investigate the resistance of some wheat traits against HBF, 27 varieties and lines of bread wheat were sown at the farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University. The spikes were infected at the first flowering stage by spray inoculation. The results showed that there was a great diversity among the 27 varieties of bread wheat tested in terms of growth traits, yield components, and grain yield. The results of The Duncan's test for comparing means showed that cultivars Ghods, Shiraz, Morvarid 2, and Pishtaz had a significant superiority in terms of grain yield compared to other cultivars. The results of simple correlation and also stepwise regression analysis showed that the traits of 1000 seed weight, plant height, number of seeds per spike, number of spikes, spike length and plant height are very important traits for grain yield. According to values of broad sense heritability and genetic gain for plant height and high correlation of this trait and seed yield, plant height can be used as a suitable trait for improving seed yield by selection. The overall results showed that Shiraz, Pishtaz, Quds and Morwarid-2 cultivars are suitable for transferring resistance to wheat spike blight disease in breeding programs.
Hosein Astaraki, Mahmoud Lotfi, Sasan Aliniaeifard, Ali Izadi-Darbandi, Payman Sharifi, Hossein Ramshini,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
In order to select the most tolerant genotypes of melon to drought stress, 30 landraces and cultivars were evaluated at Broujerd Agricultural Research Station in 2018. Under normal and drought stress conditions genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Drought stress was started when fruits appeared. Based on the rate of evaporation in class A evaporation pan (normal conditions: 50 mm, stress conditions: 100 mm), irrigation was carried out. The results of this study showed that Yield under drought stress and normal conditions showed high correlations with stress tolerance indices such as MP (Mean Productivity), GMP (Geometric Mean Productivity) and STI (Suitability Tolerance Index). The broad sense hereditary under drought stress condition varied from 81% for yield per plant to 97% for the fruit lenght. Under drought stress condition, the highest percentage of genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for Weight of flesh and skin (49 percent) and the lowest for days to maturity (4 percent). Based on the PCA biplot, the genotypes of Mamaghani, Rish-baba, Garmak and Japuni melon were identified as tolerant and Mazandrani, Uzbak1 and Ginsen Makuwa were classified as sensitive to drought stress. These results could be useful for breeding purposes and the genotypes can be crossed with each other to produce segregating populations and selection of the best plants.
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