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Amir Gholizadeh, Hassan Amiri Oghan, Valiollah Rameeh, Kamal Payghamzadeh, Behnam Bakhshi, Bahram Alizadeh, Seyed Alireza Dalili, Shahriar Kia, Farnaz Shariati,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Genetic diversity is key to breeding programs and increasing selection efficiency. In this study, 19 promising advanced lines (F7 generation) along with two cultivars, Dalgan and, RGS003 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three experimental field stations (Gorgan, Sari and, Zabol) during the 2020–2021 growing season. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations was found for number of lateral branches and number of pods per plant, respectively. The highest broad sense heritability was estimated for days to end of flowering, and days to start of flowering and the lowest broad sense heritability was estimated for the plant height. The genotypes G16, G18, G15, G1, G2, G5, and G20 with a higher SIIG values as well as a higher seed yield above average were introduced as superior genotypes with respect to yield and other agronomic traits. Therefore, these genotypes can be used for further testing, including adaptation tests. Also, the results of factor analysis and genetic correlation coefficients indicated a positive relationship between number of lateral branches, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod with seed yield and seed yield. Generally, it can be concluded that number of lateral branches, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod traits could be used as the appropriate criteria to select for increasing seed yield in rapeseed breeding programs.
Elina Nazari Khakshoor, Amin Azadi, Peyman Fourozesh, Alireza Etminan, Eslam Majidi Hervan,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Salinity stress falls into the major environmental factors that limit the production of various crops, including wheat. An effective approach to reducing the impacts of stress is the production of new salinity-tolerant cultivars. Accordingly, identifying effective genes and molecular mechanisms responsible for salinity tolerance is an essential step for breeding programs. In this investigation, a population of F12 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) comprising 186 genotypes was studied to identify the loci that control some physiological traits and element concentrations in the wheat seedling stage under salinity stress. Totally, 12 quantitative traits loci (QTLs) were identified for wet weight, dry weight, length, and sodium and potassium contents using the composite interval mapping (CIM) analysis. Most of the identified QTLs were located on chromosomes B and D. A gene ontology (GO) analysis specified candidate genes in QTL regions. However, it is noteworthy that candidate genes need confirmation using marker-assisted identification. The prioritization of genes resulted in determining 3486 candidate genes in 19 GO phrases (including eight biological processes). These genes are involved in the processes of glutathione metabolism, L-phenylalanine catabolism, cytoplasmic translation, auxin-activated signaling pathway, transcriptional regulation, DNA-patterning, protoporphyrinogen IX, cell wall organization and genesis, xyloglucan tRNA metabolism, protein glycosylation, pigment biosynthesis, etc. GO may be introduced for identifying novel CGs in which the associated QTL is responsible for complicated traits.
Samira Karimi, Maghsoud Pazhouhandeh, Kambiz Azizpour,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Transgenic plants and their products are being developed day by day due to their improved characteristics, and it is necessary to evaluate the safety of these plants before releasing them. Hence, the importance of the issue of biosafety of transgenic plants and the use of their products has led the regulatory agencies to create some laws called substantial equivalence. based on that, the essential nutrients of transgenic plants are examined and compared with the control. The present study aimed to compare the transgenic potato line F (salinity-resistant) with non-transgenic Agria cultivar plants. The salt resistant potato line was produced by transferring Arabidopsis SOS3 gene to potato (Agria variety) and its resistance was confirmed. First, the presence of AtSOS3 gene in F-line plants was confirmed and then the substantial equivalent experiments were performed by comparing the production of proline, soluble sugars, carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b, the relative expression of Catalase1 (CAT1) and AtSOS3 gene between F and non-transgenic WT Agria plants. Based on evaluations of physiological traits and some metabolites (proline content, soluble sugars, carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b) and morphological traits (plant height, dry and fresh weight of plant) between line F and WT, no significant difference was observed. The number of microbiome colonies around the root in the transgenic F and non-transgenic WT plants was a non-significant difference, which indicates that the transgenic line has no threatening effects on the environment and human pathogenicity. The relative expression of AtSOS3 and Catalase1 genes in line F had higher values than WT. The reason for such increase in the expression of Catalase1 is the activation of plant defense mechanisms against stress. Finally, the results of the evaluations proved the equality of line F and WT
Seyede Sharare Arianezhad, Hamid Hamid Najafi Zarini, Mehdi Ghaffari, Gholamali Ranjbar,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
This research was carried out to estimate the genetic variance components for sunflower fatty acids in two separate optimum and drought stressed conditions in Karaj during 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. The plant materials consisted of 12 hybrids derived from crossing of four restorer lines by three cytoplasmic male sterile lines (Testers) that were evaluated in two separate experiments as randomized complete block design with three replications. Drought stress made a reduction in oil yield (34 percent), oil content (six percent), stearic acid (4.7 percent) and oleic acid (10.6 percent) and an increase in palmitic acid (12 percent) and linoleic acid (2.8 percent). Line × tester interaction effect had a major role in explanation of the variance of the hybrids in terms of fatty acid content in both conditions, indicating the critical role of non-additive effects in genetic control of these traits. Under optimum irrigation, oil yield, oil content and stearic acid content were under control of both additive and dominant gene action and palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were under control of dominant gene action. Under drought stress, except oil content which was under control of additive effects, all the other traits were under control of dominant gene action. According to the results of this study, fatty acid composition of sunflower was under control of non-additive genetic effects and the crossing-based methods and hybrid breeding could be used for improvement of sunflower in terms of fatty acid composition.
Jamshid Moradpour, Hadi Ahmadi, Mahmoud Bagheri, Daryoush Goudarzi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) has a high genetic variation in Iran and there are many landraces of this crop in Iran. In the present study, 15 superior genotypes of eggplant which were selected from Minab landraces accompanying two superior mother landraces (totally 17 lines) were studied for two successive years in three regions of Iran including Minab, Karaj and Jiroft. The experiment was conducted in Randomized complete block design with three replications. Finally, total yield of both years was measured and the combined analysis was done and the best line(s) for different climates were introduced using evaluation the stability of the lines via AMMI and GGE biplot procedures. Based on the results of means comparison of yield in the studied lines in each region from average of two years, GHE12 line in Minab region, SA13 line in Jiroft region and AM4, SA15 and SA5 lines in Karaj region have higher fruit yield than the other lines. Based on the results of yield comparison of the examined genotypes in each region from the average of two years of testing, GHE12 genotype in Minab region, SA13 genotype in Jiroft region and AM4, SA15 and SA5 genotypes in Karaj region had acceptable yield compared to other genotypes. However, according to the results of special adaptability and stability analysis, Y genotype for Minab region, SA13 genotype for Jiroft region and AM4 genotype for Karaj region are recommended
Davood Kiani, Gholamreza Ghodrati, Sadollah Mansouri,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Sesame is an important crop plant for harsh environmental conditions because it is relatively resistance to drought stress. Evaluation of different genotypes in different climate condition plays a fundamental role in selection of the best genotypes before the commercial release of a variety and helping in identify plant traits that should be monitored during breeding experiments. In the present study, 10 promising lines obtained from the preliminary yield test were investigated to evaluate the yield compatibility along with 6 local cultivars in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replications in two cropping years (2018 and 2019) in Dashtestan climate condition in Bushehr province. During the growing season, phenology traits, grain yield components and grain yield were measured. Based on the results of ANOVA, statistically significant difference was observed between different genotypes for plant height, height of the first sub branch, height of the first capsule, number of sub branches, number of capsules per plant, length of capsule, length of capsule bearing zone, number of seeds in capsule and grain yield. Based on the mean comparison and biplot analysis the genotype 12 (Local Dashtestan), 2 (SES97-103), 7 (SES97-110) and 15 (Local Jiroft), were identified as superior genotypes for grain yield. Genotype 5 (SES97-105) and genotypes 14 (SES97-124) with 104.5 days and 4 (Local Darab1) with 111 showed the highest and lowest number of days to maturity, respectively. First capsule height showed the highest positive and significant phenotype (0.56) and genetic (0.78) correlation with grain yield. Days to the end of flowering and days to physiological maturity traits showed a negative genetic correlation with yield. Cluster analysis separated 16 sesame genotypes into four separate groups. Based on regression analysis, the height of the first capsule was identified as the most sensitive trait in predicting the yield of sesame genotypes in Dashtestan region in Bushehr province, which seems it can be considered during breeding programs.
Nasrin Razmi, Ebrahim Hezarjaribi, Abbasali Andarkhor,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Soybean is the promising oilseed in the face of protein and oil shortage. In this study 16 advanced soybean genotypes, in terms of seed yield and yield components were evaluated using multivariate statistical methods. This experiment was carried out in the form of randomized complete block design (RCBD) in the research farm of Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center (Moghan) for two consecutive years (2017-2018). Combined analysis of variance emphasized the statistically significant differences for seed yield, yield components and growth period among these soybean genotypes. Based on the mean comparison results, G1, G5 and G11 genotypes had the highest grain yield, longest growth period was observed in G1, G16 and G6 genotypes and highest number of seeds per m2 was belonged to G1, G16 and G9 genotypes. The broad sense heritability for plant height, seed yield and number seed in m2 were 0.92.07, 75.31 and 79.25 percentage, respectively. Also, the results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between seed yield and leaf area of per plant, growth period, number of seeds per m2 and number of pods per plant. Genotypes were classified into four distinct groups in cluster analysis and the Ward method. The results of principal component analysis and biplot confirmed by the clustering results, too.G1, G2, G5 and G11 genotypes belong to the first group from cluster analysis with higher seed yield and number of seed per m2, and these genotypes are recommended in future breeding programs.
Jawed Rahimi, Fatemeh Amini, Hossein Ramshini, Mahyar Abedi, Mahmood Lotfi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Tomato is the second most important vegetables, after potato, which has the highest area of cultivation worldwide. Acording to FAO statistics, Iran is the sixth producer of tomato cultivation in the world. However, more than 95 percent of vegetable seeds are imported into the country. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate commercial imported hybrids (8320, Eden, Matin and Xaman) and the F2 and F3 generations resulting from their self-breeding. In this regard, after the production of F2 and F3 generations, three generations (F1, F2 and F3) together with the control variety (Early Orbana y) were evaluated in the research farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran, based on a randomized complete block design with four replications during 2019-2020. The analysis of variance showed that the difference among genotypes for single plant yield, days to flowering, average single fruit weight, number of fruits harvested and acidity (pH), was significant at the level of 1% probability and total soluble solids (TSS) was significant at the level of 5%. The results of the mean comparison showed that the highest mean of single plant yield belonged to 8320 F1 (10920/10g), the highest days to flowering was observed in Xaman F2 (47.01 days), the highest mean weight of single fruit was observed in Xaman F1 (115.50 g), the highest number of fruits harvested was in Xaman F1 (106.62), the highest amount of total soluble solids was in Matin F3 generation (4.96) and the lowest amount of acidity (pH) was in 8320 F1 (4.10). The results of estimating genetic parameters showed that most of the evaluated traits had high genetic and phenotypic variances, but a slight difference was observed between the coefficient of phototypic variation and the coefficient of genotypic variation, which indicates a small effect of environment on the control of these traits. Higher variance of dominance than additive variance in most traits caused the degree of dominance to be greater than one, Therefore, the possibility of control of traits by genes with dominance or over-dominance effects is high, and in order to improve these traits, the methods for hybrid development are suggested.
Jafar Ahmadi, Amir Abbas Taghizadeh, Mohialdin Pirkhezri,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
To determine the ideal genotypes in terms of the quantity and quality of fruit, 32 genotypes of greengage were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research station of Horticultural Research Institute in Karaj during two cropping seasons 2018 and 2019. To evaluate the genotypes and to determine the ideal genotype, 26 traits related to fruit, fruiting and yield were used. Combined variance analysis of data showed that the genotype source of variation was significant for all studied traits at the level of 0.01 probability level. ASIIG index showed that the genotypes CodR, Cod100, Malayer, and Gojeh Siah are the best and most desirable genotypes with an index higher than 55%, respectively. Also, Cod98, Cod99, Gojeh Baghi Qasr Dasht, Gojeh Qomi, and Gojeh Holandi with ASIIG index higher than 49% were ranked next. The grouping of genotypes using ASIIG method diagrams, the genotypes CodR, Cod100, Cod98, Cod99, Gojeh Malayer, Gojeh Siah, and Gojeh Baghi Qasr Dasht were located in the ideal quartile. Using cluster analysis, the genotypes CodR, Cod100, black, and Malayer as well as completely ideal hypothetical genotype (+) were placed in a group at a distance line of 0.018. According to the results of this study, seven genotypes CodR, Cod100, Cod98, Cod99, Gojeh Malayer, Gojeh Siah, and Gojeh Baghi Qasr Dasht were selected as the ideal genotypes in terms of fruit quantity and quality. Finally, due to the high benefits of the ASIIG index, it was suggested that this index can be used in other horticultural products to determine the ideal genotype.
Mohammad Zabet, Fahime Barazandeh, Alireza Samadzadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
To investigate the genetic structure of different sesame traits, 7 genotypes, including Ardestan, Sirjan, Fars, Sabzevar, Jiroft, Oltan and TS-3 were studied in the form of a 7 x 7 one-way diallel design in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture at University of Birjand during 2015-2018.The traits measured included plant height, height to the first capsule, number of auxiliary branches, number of leaves, leaf length, days to 50 % flowering, days to 90 % flowering, days to physiological maturity, number of capsules per plant, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, number of seeds per capsule, capsule weight, capsule length, capsule width, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, oil and protein percentage.Hayman′s variance analysis showed that there were significant components a, b and b3 in all traits and components b1 and b2 in most traits. Parameters D, H1, and H2 were significant and the parameters F, h2 and E were not significant for most traits. The average degree of dominance (√H1/D) showed incomplete dominance and over dominance for all traits. The H2/(4H1) parameter was less than 0.25 in all traits except the day to 50 % flowering, suggesting that increasing and decreasing genes did not have symmetrical distribution among the parents. The parameter (√(4DH1)+F)/√(4DH1)-F ) showed symmetrical and asymmetrical distributions for the studied traits. In most of the traits, there was a dominant gene block controlling the traits. Broad sense and narrow sense heritabilities ranged 0.47-0.99 and 0.17-0.98, respectively. In general, all traits were controlled by genes with additive and dominance effects, so it is possible to select and produce hybrids in sesame. Considering that Fars, Oltan and TS-3 genotypes had the most dominant alleles, it is recommended that in future studies, attention should be paid to these three genotypes.
Mostafa Khodadadi, Behzad Sorkhilalehloo, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian, Jahangir Abbasi Kohpalekani, Mahmoud Bagheri, Milad Karbasi,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
Eggplant is a highly nutritious vegetable that is widely consumed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity between eggplant accessions from the National Plant Gene-Bank of Iran. In the first year, a preliminary evaluation was conducted using 168 accessions. Based on preliminary evaluation results, 40 accessions were selected for complementary evaluation in the second year. The evaluation was based on 23 quantitative and qualitative traits. The results of the preliminary evaluation showed statistically significant (P<0.01) differences between accessions for all traits. Fruit shape frequencies were rounded (35.89 percent), elongated (32.18 percent), oval (13.67 percent), Semi-elongated (13.15 percent), and mace-shaped (5.11 percent). In the complementary evaluation, there were significant differences between accessions for all traits. Qualitative traits such as flower color (1.56) and fruit shape (1.53) exhibited the highest genetic variation, while fruit color (0.5) showed the lowest. Cluster analysis analysis results revealed four groups for accessions and the highest (22.34) and least (0.12) genetic distances between 1 and 2 and between 7 and 21accessions, respectively. Factor analysis showed that the first three factors explained 68.06 percent of total variation in data. The first and second factors were related to yield and yield components, respectively. Also, fruit yield traits showed high heritability and there was significant genetic correlation between these traits. Therefore, high heritable and high-scoring traits in these factors should be considered when selecting progenies in segregating populations for improvement in terms of fruit yield and shape.
Mozhgan Shirinpour, Ehsan Atazadeh, Ahmad Bybordi, Saeid Aharizad, Ali Asghari, Ashkboos Amini,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
Considering the importance of maize production and the impact of water deficit stress on reducing the yield of maize, estimating the genetic components and heritability of traits for determine the breeding method under water deficit stress is essential in breeding programs. The generations drived from a cross between two inbred lines of maize including B73 (maternal line) and MO17 (paternal line), SC704 (F1) as well as F2, BC1, BC2 and F3 generations in order to estimate the genetic effects and heritability of yield, yield components and morphological traits were studied. Seven maize generations using the generations mean analysis under the full irrigation, mild and severe water deficit conditions were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete block design with 20 replications per experimental unit during two cropping seasons (2018-2019) at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Tabriz. The results of two-year combined analysis of variance and mean comparisons under three different irrigation regimes showed that water deficit stress significantly reduced all of the studied traits (except root/shoot ratio). The generations mean analysis showed the high contribution of non-additive gene effects for the genetic control of grain yield, ear diameter, number of kernel row, ear weight (in full irrigation conditions), 100 grain weight, plant height, fresh shoot weight and biological yield traits. According to these results, selection in the advanced generations and the breeding method based on hybridization can be effective to improve these traits. Also, the significant contribution of additive gene effects in controlling the inheritance of ear length, ear weight (in both stress conditions) and root/shoot ratio traits indicated that selection in early segregating generations and inbred parents can be effective for breeding of these traits and taking advantage of additive variance. Hybrid SC704 and inbred MO17 compared with the inbred B73 showed the lowest variation percentage under the water deficit stress conditions, which indicated their high yield potential and stability in the stress conditions.
Maryam Ebrahimi, Reza Darvishzadeh, Amir Fayaz Moghaddam,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
Protection of food security is one of the basic priorities of any country, which is achieved through the development and introduction of new, high-yielding and stress-resistant crop varieties. Considering the wide range of usage; human nutrition, livestock and poultry nutrition as well as use in industrial products production, maize is of special importance in agricultural development programs. To improve a trait with complex behavior and low heritability, indirect selection by other traits or a suitable index developed based on several traits can be used. In this research, 86 maize genotypes were cultivated in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in the field in the Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University under two normal and salt stress conditions. The measurement of the traits was done from the tassel appearance to kernel physiological maturity. In order to speed up genotype selection and increase the acuracy of selecting high yielding genotypes, four selection indices including Smith- Hazel, Pasek- Baker, Brim and Robinson were used and calculated. The results of present study revealed that selection based on the Smith- Hazel index with the highest selection efficiency (∆H) will increase the grain yield in normal and grain yield and plant height in salt stress conditions. This index, with its high correlation with the breeding value is introduced as a superior index. Based on this index, R59 and 6*/88 genotypes were introduced as the superior genotypes under normal and salt stress conditions, respectively. Nonetheless, these genotypes were recognized as the best genotypes considering the results of all other investigated indices. Identifying and introducing genotypes tolerant to salinity stress is of particular importance due to the expansion of saline lands and the limitation of access to water suitable for irrigation. Based on the above results, 6*/88 genotype is recommended for the development of promising hybrids for cultivation in areas with water or saline soil.
Seyedeh Somayeh Mousavi, Omidali Akbarpour, Dr Tahmasb Hosseinpour,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
In this research, 15 bread wheat genotypes along with Aftab variety as a control variety were implemented with 4 replications in the form of randomized complete block design for 3 crop years (2016-2019) at Sarab Chengai Station in Khorramabad. The likelihood ratio test (LRT) showed that the genotype-year interaction effect was significant for grain yield. Based on this, singular value analysis (SVD) was performed on the matrix of best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP) of genotype × year interaction to evaluate the stability of genotypes. The scree plot showed that the first principal component accounted for 71.7% and the second principal component accounted for 28.3% of the matrix changes resulting from the best unbiased predictions of the genotype interaction per year. The biplot of the first principal component of the environment against the nominal yield also showed that genotypes No. 9, 12 and 13 had a negligible contribution to the genotype × year interaction and had higher general stability. Also, the biplot of grain yield against the weighted average of absolute scores (WAASB) placed the genotypes in four regions, so that genotypes No. 15, 16, 12, 11, and 10 are in the fourth region due to high stability (low values WAASB) and magnitude of response variable (high performance) were identified as superior genotypes. The WAASBY index (weighted average of WAASB stability and performance) identified genotypes No. 15, 16, 12, 10, 11, 14, 9 and 4 as stable and high yielding genotypes. In general, based on WAASB and WAASBY indices and their comparison, genotypes 15, 16, 12, 11 and 10 were selected as the best genotypes that can be recommended for cultivation in similar climates.
Nasrin Akbari, Siamak Alavi Kia, Mostafa Valizadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Due to world population incline and the increasing wheat consumption as human main staple food, as well as high amount of waste of bread which is mainly due to its low quality, the wheat breeding programs to improve bread quality are of great importance. Therefore, evaluating the wheat grains quality and the genetic variation of bread-making quality traits among lines derived from crosses becomes imperative. To this end, the gliadin protein banding pattern of 28 recombinant inbred lines, their corresponding parents and 10 other commercial cultivars were examined via A-PAGE method. The variation between and within the lines and cultivars was determined using AMOVA according to the protein bands. The results of this study revealed high variation for gliadins coding loci with total mean of 73.96%. The percentage of polymorphism was estimated to be 91.67 and 56.25 for lines and commercial cultivars, respectively. The minimum and maximum number of gliadin bands were 12 and 25 bands, respectively. Also, based on PhiPT statistics, the significant difference was observed (P<0.05) between commercial cultivars and recombinant inbred lines in terms of gliadin banding patterns. Cluster analysis and PCoA via banding pattern of gliadins led to formation of three and four distinct groups, respectively. The highest variation was observed in ω-gliadins, suggesting that they may have a role in observed variation among genotypes and their bread making-quality traits.
Smaeil Talebi Kouyakhi, Bahram Maleki Zanjani, Mostafa Modarresi, Alireza Tarang,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (9-2024)
Abstract
Food security is affected by several factors,one of the most important of which is the in the quantitative and qualitative increase of agricultural products. For the reason the role of rice in the daily nutrition of Iranians and the need to increase the efficiency of limited territorial resources, we are forced to increase the yield per unit area. Identifying genotypes that contain alleles of genes related to yield improvement is one of the methods of rice plant breeding so that these genotypes, so that these genotypes can be used in breeding programs, to produce high-yield varieties, in plant breeding programs to produce high-yielding cultivars. Considering the importance of the number of seeds in the panicle and its effect in increasing the yield per unit area, in this research, among several genes related to yield, the screening of rice genotypes was investigated using on the functional marker related to the Gn1a gene. In this research, 52 local and improved genotypes of rice were prepared from the collection of the Rice Research Institute of Iran and the grain number trait was investigated based on phenotypic and molecular evaluations in the field related to the band pattern created by a specific primer pair Grain number 1a gene (Gn1a) contiguous with the gene location controlling the grain number trait. The result of the genetic evaluation led to the identification of 15 cultivars with the allele of the large number of seeds gene and 37 cultivars without the allele of this gene, which, according to the phenotypic evaluation that confirmed it, shows the reliability and accuracy of the marker used to predict and differentiate cultivars for the program breedings are forthcoming. The logistic regression results also confirmed this result. However, a number of other examined samples also had a high number of seeds, which indicates the existence of other genes affecting the number of seeds per panicle in those lines.
Hossein Mehripour Azbarmi, Jalal Saba, Bahram Alizadeh, Amir Gholizadeh, Farid Shekari,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (9-2024)
Abstract
The genotype × environment interaction is a major challenge in studying quantitative characters because it reduces grain yield stability in different environments. In this regard, to analysis the genotype × environment interactions and to determine the yield stability of winter rapeseed mutant lines, 9 lines and 6 cultivars were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in six experimental field stations (Esfahan, Hamedan, Karaj, Kermanshah, Qazvin and Zarghan) during 2021–2023 croping seasons. The combined analysis of variance indicated that the effects of environments, genotypes and genotype × environment interaction were significant, suggesting that the genotypes responded differently in the studied environment conditions. So, there was the possibility of stability analysis. According to the stability analysis results using the Eberhart and Russel method, the Talaye cultivar with higher grain yield than overall mean and regression coefficient equal to one (bi=1) was identified as the genotype with high general stability for all regions. Based on the simultaneous selection method for yield and stability (YSi), the lines Z-900-6, T-1200-1, and Talaye cultivar with the lowest values were stable, whereas Zarafam, Okapi and Express cultivars with the highest values were unstable. Also, based on the SIIG index, the lines Z-900-6, T-1200-1, and Talaye cultivar with having high SIIG values as well as higher grain yields that total average was recognized as superior genotypes from the point of stability and grain yield. According to the results of cluster analysis, Karaj, Zarghan, Kermanshah and Isfahan locations were located in a group that indicates these locations had high predictability and repeatability power.
Nasrin Akbari, Reza Darvishzadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (9-2024)
Abstract
Sunflower, one of the important oilseed plants, is affected by drought stress, consequently leading to yield decreases. Direct selection for improving seed yield, as the end result of multiple traits, is often ineffective due to the significant impact of environmental conditions. For many years, indirect selection through other traits or selection indices has been proposed to improve seed yield. In the present experiment, 100 oilseed sunflower genotypes were evaluated in terms of some agro-morphological traits using a simple 10 × 10 lattice design under normal and drought stress conditions during two consecutive croping seasons. In drought stress conditions, irrigation was done after 180 mm of evaporation from class A evaporation pan, compared to 90 mm in normal irrigation conditions. Brim, Smith-Hazel, Robinson and Pesek-Baker selection indices were calculated to select genotypes under two environmental conditions. In order to evaluate and compare the efficiency of selection indices and select the best index, the genetic gain of traits (∆G), expected gain (∆H) and relative efficiency of selection index (RE) were calculated. The results of this study showed that the direct response to selection for the traits including seed oil content, days to maturity and leaf length under both environmental conditions was more favorable compared to the correlated response. However, for head and stem diameter traits, the lowest efficiency of direct selection was observed under both environmental conditions compared to other investigated traits. Considering the two criteria; the genetic gain of traits (∆G) and expected gain (∆H) under normal and drought stress conditions, the two indexes of Brim and Smith-Hazel were introduced as the best index and the genotype ENSAT-254 was introduced as the superior genotype. The selected ENSAT-254 genotype can be considered in developing hybrid cultivars for cultivation under drought stress conditions, provided it is validated at the molecular level by analyzing the expression of genes related to water deficit stress tolerance.
Fatemeh Bagherzadeh, Hannaneh Mirahmadi, Soraya Pourtabrizi, Ali Kazemipour, Maryam Dorraninejad, Roohollah Abdoshahi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (9-2024)
Abstract
Behnaz Seifolahpour, Sohbat Bahraminejad, Kianoosh Cheghamirza, Shahryar Sasani,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (9-2024)
Abstract
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