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Showing 176 results for Type of Study: Research
Saeed Bagherikia, Mohammadhadi Pahlevani, Ahad Yamchi, Khalil Zenalinezhad, Ali Mostafaie,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (9-2017)
Abstract
Under drought stress conditions, as one of the most important limiting factors of grain yield in wheat at arid and semi-arid regions, the remobilization of assimilates gain would be more valuable to grain filling. There are a few reports on the importance of remobilization of the root during the grain filling period under drought stress conditions. An advanced mutant line of bread wheat (T-65-7-1) along with its wild type (cv. Tabasi), were planted at two moisture conditions (normal and 30-40% of field capacity) as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Sampling for gene expression analysis was conducted from the root in two stages (7 and 21 days after anthesis). In these genotypes, fructan remobilization, efficiency of fructan remobilization, and relative expression of genes involved in the synthesis and hydrolysis of fructan during the grain filling period, in root, were studied under terminal drought stress. The results showed that the stored fructan in the root participated in the assimilate remobilization. Higher fructan remobilization through root to grain in mutant line under drought stress conditions was due to over-expression of genes involved in the synthesis of fructan (1-SST and 6-SFT) at 7-days after anthesis and in hydrolysis of fructan (6-FEH) at 21-days after anthesis, compared to wild type. Drought stress did not cause a significant change in gene expression of 1-FFT and 1-FEH genes in the root of both genotypes, which confirms the only β (2,6) linkages as predominant form of fructan has affected under drought stress conditions. In wheat breeding programs, 1-SST, 6-SFT and 6-FEH can be used as molecular markers for selecting genotypes with high fructan content and more remobilization.
Hamed Khodayari, Lida Dolatian, Abdelnaser Mohammadi,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (9-2017)
Abstract
Figs as an important product in recent decades due to biotic and abiotic stresses have been faced to genetically erosion. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of taxa belonged to Ficus genus using Inter-simple sequence Repeat markers (ISSR). For this purpose, 23 accessions belonging to the fig genus collected from across the Iran country and genomic DNA was extracted from leaves. Out of 18 ISSR primers pairs, six primers pairs selected and PCR process were achieved for them. A total of 83 bands were produced, of which 78 were polymorphic. Using PAUP software, through Neighbor Joining methods, 23 populations of fig were divided in four groups. Among the primers, (AG) 8 C, (TG) 8 A and (GT) 8 C were identified as the most appropriate primers for using in future studies. Based on the results obtained from the analysis of data from ISSR, 23 populations of Ficus were classified into four groups. The results of the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that there is no difference between the taxa and the highest genetic distance between populations within species. The results of this study showed that taxa belonging to the Ficus genus in Iran are very closely related phylogentically, and the relationship between reproductive and genetic flow is high.
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Volume 4, Issue 1 (9-2017)
Abstract
Drought is a worldwide risk seriously influencing production of agricultural plants such as coriander. In order to evaluate heritability and gene action for important quantitative traits in coriander in three irrigation regimes, including well water (WW), mild water stress (MWS) and severe water stress (SWS), a cross between two genotypes of TN-59-158 (Sensitive parent) and TN-59-230 (Tolerant parent) was done. Parents and progenies of triple test cross were evaluated in filed condition through a randomized complete block design with three replications. Days to 50% flowering (DTF), days to harvest (DTH), fruit yield (FY), thousand fruit weight (TFW), harvest index (HI), relative water content (RWC), essential oil yield (EOY) were measured. Results showed that total epistasis effect was observed for all traits except RWC in WW. Also, total epistasis effect was observed for all traits except DTF in MWS and SWS. Partitioning of total epistasis revealed that [i] type of epistasis was contributed to determining DTF and TFW in WW and MWS treatments, DTH, FY and RWC in MWS and SWS treatments, and HI and EOY in WW, MWS and SWS treatments.
Mehdi Ramezani, Mehdi Rahimi,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (9-2017)
Abstract
Ispaghula (Plantago ovata) is used to reduce gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections, as well as control blood glucose and cholesterol levels in the human body. The phylogeny and genetic diversity of 22 different ecotypes of Ispaghula were evaluated using 12 ISSR markers and nine morphological and phenological traits. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among cultivars for all traits. Cluster analysis grouped 22 different ecotypes of Ispaghula in two groups using UPGMA method based on field data. The assessment of genetic diversity among ecotypes based molecular markers showed that the 12 primers amplified 91 polymorphic bands. The maximum number of bands (11) was produced by UBC813 and primers UBC811 with 10 bands were in the next steps, respectively. The minimum band number (4) was produced by UBC824. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value was varied from 0.26 to 0.45 and Marker index (MI) was varied from 0.90 to 4.13. Cluster analysis using UPGMA based on molecular markers, placed 22 ecotypes in the study in five groups, include 1, 1, 2, 3 and 15 ecotypes, respectively. Grouping of ecotypes with molecular markers was different with classification of the ecotypes based morphological traits. According to the results, ecotypes that are far apart can be used in the breeding program of Ispaghula.
Soheila Shayan, Mohammad Moghaddam Vahed, Majid Norouzi, Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi, Mahmoud Tourchi, Bafrin Molaei,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the factors that reduces yield in the world. Considering that wheat is grown mostly in semi-arid areas, much attention has been paid to develop drought tolerant varieties. This experiment was conducted during 2013-2014 in Tabriz University research farm, Iran. In this investigation the inheritance of some agronomic and physiological traits was studied in the field condition through generations mean analysis. The generations were produced from the cross of Arg (tolerant to drought) and Moghan3 (sensitive to drought) varieties. The experiment was a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with two replications. The irrigation conditions were arranged in the main plots and generations in the subplots. In the stress condition, irrigation was withheld after pollination. Based on the analysis of variance, significant difference were observed among different generations in terms of plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, number of fertile tillers, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, days to maturity, spike weight, straw weight, biomass, grain yield and harvest index. The interaction between generations and irrigation conditions was significant only for grain yield. The generation mean analysis in both normal and drought stress conditions showed that chi-square of three parameter model was significant for all of the studied characteristics, indicating the presence of non-allelic interactions in the inheritance of these traits. The broad sense and narrow sense heritabilities for the traits under study were estimated as 0.502-0.946 and 0.244-0.429 in the normal condition and 0.653-0.951 and 0.221-0.377 in the water stress condition, respectively. The average degree of dominance for all of the characters in both normal and water stress conditions was greater than one which indicated the existence of over-dominance gene action in controlling these traits. At both conditions, the dominance genetic variance was higher than the additive genetic variance for all of the traits. The results indicate the necessity of selection in advanced generation or exploiting dominance gene action in the breeding programs, if hybrid varieties are produced in the wheat plant.
M Mohtasham Mohammadi, K Rahmatollah Karimizadeh, H Tahmaseb Hosseinpour, G Hasan Ghojogh, S Kamal Shahbazi, S Peyman Sharifi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
Breeding of adapted and variation germplasm can be a main element for strength of research political in stable agricultture system. This is achived by targeting variety selection onto different growing environments under natural heat and drought stresses. To realize this, breeding programs usually undertake a rigorous genotypes performance evaluation across locations and years mostly at the final stage of variety development process. More accurate selection of wheat genotypes requires reducing environmental effects for explaining of their genetic potential with appropriate analysis of genotype × environment. In this research, 18 improved bread wheat genotypes were planted in randomized compelet block design with 4 replications in Gachsaran, Khoramabad, Gonbad, Moghan and Ilam stations during three years (2011-2014). Simple and combined analysis variance were done on grain yield data. Due to significant interaction effects for Year × locatin and genotype × year × locatin, yield stability of considered genotypes were analysed using some parameteric and nonparametric methods. Obtained results showed genotypes no. 10 and 17 with 3107 and 3028 kg/ha had the highest grain yield. Based on parametric statistics: CV i,  ,  ,  ،, MS Y/L and MSPI and non-paramertric statistics:  ,  ,  , Top, Mid, Low ،, R-Sum, and SDR, G10 had more yield stability. More over, G12 and G17 showed suitable yiled stability among high production genotypes. Earliness Genotypes 10 and 17 lines had optimum plant height and partially high thousand kernel weight.
Dr Reza Darvishzadeh, Dr Hadi Alipour, Dr Ahmad Sarrafi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
Black stem disease is one of the most important fungi diseases in sunflower. Information about the mode of heritability and the effects of genes controlling trait could be most important for selecting breeding methods to black stem disease resistance. In this study, genotypes ENSAT-B5 and AS613 and a mutant genotype M5-54-1 with different response to MP8 and MP10 isolates were selected and F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations were made from ENSAT-B5×AS613 and ENSAT-B5×M5-54-1 crosses. Generations of crossing and parents of each set were planted in a completely randomized design with three replications and infected by M8 and M10 isolates. With the exception of the [(♀) M5-54-1 × ENSAT-B5 (♂)-MP10] cross, the lack of fit test of simple three parametric additive-dominance models for the [(♀) AS613 × ENSAT-B5 (♂)-MP8] and [(♀) AS613 × ENSAT-B5 (♂)-MP10] crosses were significant, indicating the presence of non-allelic interactions in the inheritance of the black stem disease resistance. In the estimated models for the different crosses, high and significant amount of dominant effects and dominant × dominant interactions suggested the importance of non-additive genetic effects. Therefore, selection for this trait in early generation could not be effectively successful and hybrid development is highly recommended for increasing the resistance to the black stem disease.
Dr Mohammad Motamedi, Ms Parviz Safari,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important factors involved in reducing wheat production and identifying genetic structure and gene action type in controlling grain yield in water stress condition is essential for choosing appropriate breeding methods. In this study, 9×9 one way diallel crosses were used to study the genetic structure of wheat grain yield at stress and non- stress conditions. Combining ability analysis by the second Griffing method for both conditions resulted in significant GCA and SCA variances, representing grain yield may be controlled by additive and non- additive effects of genes. The results of applying combining ability analysis indicated that among the parents, genotypes Ghods and Bam had the highest GCA for grain yield and the best specific crosses were Arg × Ghods, Navid × Moghan, Bam × Alvand (for both irrigation regimes) and Bam × Ghods (in stress condition). Biplot analysis of diallel data was used to display GCA and SCA for parents and to determine heterotic groups and the best crosses. In general, according to the results, Bam, Ghods and Arg were tolerant cultivars and had the ability to maintain yield in drought stress condition as well as to transfer these properties to the hybrids. So these genotypes can be used to improve stress tolerance in breeding programs.
Zahra Hajiahmadi, Reza Shirzadian-Khorramabad2, Mahmood Kazemzad, Mohammad Mahdi Sohani,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
Tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta) is one of the important pests of tomato in Iran. It causes serve losses to tomato yield between 50 to 100% in the world. The cryIAb gene has been introduced into many plant species, including maize resulting in protection of the maize plants against corn borer larvae. In most studies, constitutive promoters such as CaMV35S were employed for genetic transformation; however the constitutive expression of genes led to changes in plant metabolic pathways due to permanent energy consumption in plants. Since, wound inducible promoter MPI (Maize Protease Inhibitor) posses more efficiency and strength than CaMV35S promoter. Therefore, in the current study, transgenic tomato (cv. Falat) plants harboring cryIAb gene under control of the MPI promoter were developed for the first time. The MPI promoter was isolated from maize and cloned into pPZP122 expression vector replacing the CaMV35S promoter. The cryIAb gene was isolated from pCIB4427 and cloned in pPZP122:MPI:cryIAb and the resulting construct was transformed into Agrobacterium AGL1 strain using In planta approach. Initial selection of the transgenic plants was carried out in media culture containing gentamicin. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of transgene in gentamycin-resistance plants in the first and second generations by rate of 62.5% and 75.58%, respectively. Protein dot blotting using anti-CryIAb polyclonal antibody confirmed the presence of protein in the second generation of transgenic lines. Based on the result of Tuta bioassay, transgenic plants demonstrated an enhanced resistance against Tuta. Thus, the wound inducible promoter MPI can be used in genetic transformation of crop plants if insecticidal protein-encoding genes (such as different types of cry) are used and therefore, it is important to be used when plants asked to express only when are being attacked by insect pests.
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Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
Evaluation of genetic diversity in medicinal plants is one of the most important evolutionary and breeding goals. Recent developments in polymerase chain reaction brings the possibility of evaluation the individuals of a population in more sites of genome, and among different DNA molecular markers, the ISSR marker was successfully used in study of the genetic diversity of different plants. The genetic diversity of 43 individuals from five populations of Styrian Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca) and 4 individuals from one population of C. maxima which cultivated in Shahid Beheshti University collection (Tehran, Iran) was investigated using 12 ISSR markers. Totally, 83 scorable bands were produced by ISSR markers and the mean for the produced band for each marker was 6.91 and 100% of scorable bands were polymorphic. Dendrogram was illustrated based on Jaccard coefficient similarity matric and algorithm of Complete Linkage. Based on cluster analysis, individuals of populations divided into five main groups. The results of the grouping through principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis showed that groupings by the two mentioned methods were consonant with each other and have made a similarity grouping. The cophenetic coefficient was calculated as 0.97. Totally, the results of present study showed that the some of used ISSR markers could be useful for future study of genetic variation in Cucurbita pepo.
Saeed Khavari Khorasani, Abdonaser Mahdi Poor,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2018)
Abstract
Selection based on proper selection indices can be one of the most effective methods for indirect selection of yield and yield components, simultaneously. In order to determination of selection index for improvement of maize yield, 60 single cross maize hybrids were planted in two separate experiments (drought stress and normal conditions) based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in Torogh agricultural station of Khorasan Razavi agricultural and natural resources research and education center, Mashad, Iran in 2013-2014. Morphological and phenological traits, yield and yield components were recorded. Selection indices were calculated based on results of stepwise regression considering to phenotypc, genotypic and economic values. Based on stepwise regression results in normal condition, physiological maturity, plant height, kernel depth, kernel no./row and tassel length totally could explain 60.68 percent of gain yield variation, then these traits were used to calculate selection index. In drought stress condition, kernel no./row, plant height, ear height, 1000 kernel weight, ear length and leaves no. above ear could explain 63.77 percent of grain yield variation that these traits were used to calculate of selection index. We used 5 optimum selection indices (smith-hazel) and one basic selection index as Pesk-Baker to screen the maize genotypes. The results showed that the relative efficiency of selection index based on yield and expected genetic gain for all of measured traits in selection index 2 was higher than others in both normal and drought stress conditions. Based on grain yield and selection indices, 20 percent of the best genotypes were selected by each selection indices. Based on derived results in normal condition, genotype no. 60 (ksc704 commercial hybrid) were selected by all of selection indices as the best genotype, but in drought stress condition, different genotypes were selected by different selection indices like genotypes 16 (ME77006/1×K1263/1), 22 (ME77006/1×K1263/1) and 34 (ME78005/2× A679), that these genotypes at least were selected by 2 or 3 selection indices.
Amir Gholizadeh, Hamid Dehghani, Mostafa Khodadadi,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2018)
Abstract
In any breeding program, knowledge of the nature of gene action involved in the inheritance of traits is a basic requirement. In this research, diallel crosses progenies of six coriander landrace were evaluated in F1 and F2 generations. The genotypes were evaluated in different irrigation conditions in three separate experiments, in which each experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing season of 2016. Results of genetic variance analyses revealed significant mean squares of general and specific combining ability for all traits, indicating the importance of additive and non-additive genetic effects for these traits. Additive gene actions played a more important role in controlling of plant height, leaf number, branch number and biological yield, whereas the role of non-additive gene actions was more conspicuous than those of additive gene actions in controlling of harvest index and fruit yield. Therefore, providing superior hybrids using breeding methods based on progeny test will be effective to improve these traits. Also, among selected parents, P4 parent in normal irrigation and moderate water stress and P6 parent in sever water stress were the best parents for crosses in the development of high-yield varieties in coriander.
Halbibi Badirdast, Seyed Yahya Salehi-Lisar, Hossain Sabouri, Ali Movafeghi, Ebrahim Gholamalalipour Alamdari,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2018)
Abstract
One of the main objectives of plant breeding is defining the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Nowadays, molecular markers provide powerful tools to evaluate this relationship for plant breeders. In this study, genetic diversity of 112 rice lines was evaluated by 20 pairs of SSR markers which linked to drought tolerant alleles. Totally, 77 polymorphic alleles with mean of 3.85 alleles per primer pairs were amplified. The minimum number of alleles was belonged to RM28199 and RM212 markers with 2 alleles, and the maximum number of alleles was belonged to RM72 marker with 6 alleles. The range of PIC for the examined markers was 0.30 to 0.72 and the mean of PIC was 0.58. The maximum amount of PIC was belonged to RM85 and RM20A markers and the minimum of PIC was belonged to RM28099 marker. Considering the gene diversity coeficient, RM28099 and RM 85 markers had minimum (0.33) and maximum (0.76) diversity, respectively. The stepwise regression analysis of the microsatellite data and morphologic traits identified 62 and 54 informative alleles for the evaluated traits in flooding and drought conditions, respectivly. Cluster analysis based on molecular data divided the genotypes into 7 groups. Considering the appropriate distribution of amplified DNA by the studied markers in this study, markers that have high separation power and high association with important agronomic traits in drought stress condition (if further experiments confirmed them), could be employed in plant breeding programs of drought stress.
Mitra Shahbazi, Farhad Nazarian-Firouzabadi, Omid Ali Akbarpour,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2018)
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is one of the most important ornamental plants which plays a significant role in the development of gardening industry in the world. The knowledge of genetic diversity is one of the prerequisite criteria for Chrysanthemum breeding with important economic goals. Molecular markers have a significant share in elucidation of inter and intra species genetic diversity. To this end, genetic diversity of a number of Iranian cultivars was molecularly investigated by sequencing a part of rDNA, using ITS4 and ITS5 primers. Genetic distance between Chrysanthemum cultivars ranged from 0.05 to 10.15, demonstrating the power of ITS region in revealing the genetic diversity among cultivars of morifolium, suggesting Iranian cultivars have been genetically improved from morifolium species. Genetic diversity assessment of Iranian Chrysanthemum cultivars demonstrated that presumably inter, intra species or even inter population hybridization may have been involved in creating enormous genetic diversity among Chrysanthemum cultivars.
Shima Taghikhani, Hossein Ramshini, Seyed Ahmad Sadat-Noori, Mahmoud Lotfi, Ali Izadi Darbakdi, Naeimeh Sousaraei, Abdollah Varvani Farahani,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2018)
Abstract
Melon is an important crop cultivated in moderate climate regions of the world. One of the most important diseases of this plant is vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis (Fom). Infection of farm by this pathogen can result in huge damage around the world. Development of resistant varieties is the most effective method for disease control. Four races of 0, 1, 2 and 1,2 have been reported for this pathogen and 1 is more versatile and dangerous races especially in the north half of Iran. Garmak, as an important variety in Isfahan province, is susceptible to race 1. Single dominant gene of Fom-2 induces resistance against race 0 and 1. In this research, the resistance gene was transferred from Isabelle into Garmak using SNP marker assisted back-crossing. The screening of plants in BC1, BC2, and BC3 generations was carried out using artificial inoculation. This gene was sequenced partially in parental genotypes and resistant and susceptible alleles were discriminated. In order to verify the resistant plants survived after artificial inoculation in BC3, plants were genotyped using the SNP marker and HRM method. This method distinctly separated three genotypes (RR, Rr and rr) from each other. The resistance of most plants was verified by molecular method. However, among resistant genotypes identified by artificial inoculation method, there were some susceptible plants identified by molecular method, indicating the more confidence of molecular method in genotyping of plants. With selfing of BC3 resistant plants and selection of homozygote resistant plants, it is possible to develop resistant Garmak variety.
Shahin Jahangirzadeh Khiavi, Zabihollah Zamani, Mohamadreza Fatahi, Masoumeh Ashourpour,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2018)
Abstract
The chloroplastic DNA of 64 accessions of apple (Malus spp.) (54 Iranian genotypes, five commercial cultivars and five rootstocks) were analyzed to reveal their haplotypes by using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Approximately 4320 bp of the chloroplast genome was analyzed, by using two chloroplast universal primer pairs and two restriction enzymes (EcoRI and MseI). All the mutations detected were insertion-deletions been in the range between 10-40 bp. The combination of all the mutations resulted to six haplotypes (H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 and H6) in the studied apple accessions. It was defined that the Iranian apple rootstock 'Gami-Almasi' had a specific haplotype form all the other studied accessions. It was approved that cpDNA diversity data can be considered for phylogenetic studies in this plant and the polymorphism determined in cytoplasmic genome by PCR-RFLP method can help to understand the maternal inheritance in apple.
Arash Salami, Mohammadhadi Pahlevani, Khalil Zenalinezhad, Mohsen Esmaeilzadeh Moghaddam,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2018)
Abstract
Collection and conservation of germplasm, particularly for landraces of important agronomically species and organizing their information, cause to continuity of their usefulness and reduce the risk of their genetic erosion. In this experiment, 10 Iranian wheat landraces along with the Chinese Spring cultivar, as control, were used to assess inter and intra populations variation by using ISSR molecular markers and morphological traits. Evaluation of populations in terms of height, spike length, awn length, number of spike nodes, number of grains per spike, flag leaf length and grain weight showed that there were considerable variation among landraces. Also, in some landraces like KhorramAbad and Ardabil, intra population diversity for some of these traits, such as plant height and length of awn, was obvious. Evaluation of the landraces for ISSR markers showed that among 99 scored bands, 78 bands were polymorphic. Percent of polymorphism with mean of 81.88 % was varied from 53.33 for primer of ISSR-4 to 100% for primers of ISSR-9, ISSR-14, ISSR-5 and ISSR-7. Average PIC of the landraces was estimated 3.0. Results of this study showed that there was considerable intra population diversity for the ISSR markers in landraces of KhorramAbad, Maragheh and Torbat-e-Heydarieh however, a little diversity for Khoy, Ahwaz, Isfahan, Mashad, Urmia, Shiraz and Ardabil was observed. Results of this study showed that there is inter and intra genetic diversity within Iranian landraces of wheat with different levels and these landraces can be used as basic population for extraction of pure lines.
Khadijeh Mousa Khalifani, Reza Darvishzadeh, Masoud Abrinbana, Aram Nouri,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important crop that its oil has nutritional and high economic value. Basal stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor, is one of the important and devastating disease of sunflower. The use of resistant cultivars is considered as the most important and effective method to control the disease. In this study, the reaction of 100 oily sunflower lines to three isolates of S. sclerotiorum and three isolates of S. minor was studied. Identification of gene loci associated with resistance to disease was done with markers produced with 30 SSR primers pairs. The results showed that some of sunflower genotypes had well resistant to Sclerotinia disease. Population structure analysis using Structure software identified 2 subpopulations (K=2). Association analysis using TASEEL software with general and mixed linear models (GLM and MLM) identified 14 and 12 loci, respectively that have significant association with resistant genes related to Sclerotinia. ORS617 locus was commonly related to genes associated with resistance to M1 from S. minor and J1 from S. sclerotiorum. The common markers are important in sunflower breeding programs making possible simultaneously selection for several traits and producing resistant cultivars to Sclerotinia disease.
Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini, Behroz Shiran, Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Phylogenetic relations among 12 wild species of almonds, one cultivated almond and one species of peach were investigated by using of ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 sequences and trnL region of chloroplast DNA. To do this, maximum-parsimony and neighbor joining analysis adopted. Results of ITS data showed that studied species of Prunus only divided in two groups but incapable to separate different sections. P. tenella showed more diverse genetic distance in compare to other studied species and it seems that this species does not belong to Amygdalus. Also, by using the ITS data it can be reported that Prunus is monophyletic. In this research, the genetic distances for each pair of species were determined and the average genetic distance between species shows only the lowest genetic distance within the genus. Therefore, Prunus is a single genus. Regarding its high similarity of trnL region in wild almond species, it can be reported that maternal ancestor of Prunus is the same and trnL is not optimum marker to separate species of almond.
Faranak Khanmakoo, Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi, Robab Salami, Saeed Aharizad,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Fungal diseases, especially leaf and stripe rusts are wheat yield reducing factors in Iran and the world. In this study, genetic diversity of 20 wheat varieties with different response to leaf and stripe rusts were studied using primers designed based on the conserved regions of plant disease resistance genes. The banding patterns of polymorphic markers were scored as dominant and number of amplified bands and percentage of polymorphism were determined. In addition, for each primer combination, polymorphic information content (PIC) and marker index (MI) were calculated. Out of the 11 used single primers and primer combinations, five primer combinations and a single primer produced scorable amplification. The maximum and minimum of PIC were observed for LLOOP-1 and H2016-H2020 primer combination with mean value of 0.50 and 0.28, respectively. The primer combinations of H2016-H1146 and H2016-H2020 with mean values of 4.80 and of 2.84, had minimum and maximum of MI, respectively. Cluster analysis based on Neighbor-Joining algorithm and evolutionary P-distance coefficient assigned the varieties into four groups which were in agreement with their response to yellow rust. In principal coordinate analysis, the scatter plot of varieties based on two first coordinates confirmed the groups obtained from cluster analysis.
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