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Maryam Tahmasbali, Reza Darvishzadeh, Amir Fayaz Moghaddam,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
In a breeding program, it is important to find out information about the genes action, because knowledge in this field could help the researchers in their crossing programs and realizing effective selection. In this study, breeding values of different agronomic traits in oriental tobacco were predicted using the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) procedure. For this purpose, 89 tobacco genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal (without broomrape) and stress (with broomrape) conditions at Urmia Tobacco Research Centre, during two successive years. Broomrape stress was applied by mixing 0.06 gr broomrape seed with soil in pots. C.H.T.209.12e × F.K.40-1 genotype had high yield under both normal and broomrape stress conditions and was one of the desirable genotypes in terms of yield tolerance and stability index. The Rustica genotype was the best genotype in terms of the breeding value of most of studied traits in both normal and broomrape stress conditions. The result from cluster analysis based on the breeding values of the studied traits showed that, tobacco genotypes were divided into 6 and 5 groups in normal and broomrape stress conditions, respectively; but the distribution of genotypes within the groups was different depending on the conditions. The highest heritability was observed for root fresh weight under normal condition and for leaf fresh weight under broomrape stress conditionss. The results showed that a genotype with good phenotypic performance may have low breeding value. Therefore, considering breeding value information along with phenotypic mean of traits can increase the efficiency of breeding programs.
Fatemeh Darvishnia, Mohammadhadi Pahlevani, Khalil Zaynali Nezhad, Khosro Azizi, Saied Bagherikia,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
In order to determine the most effective indices for quantifying drought tolerance and identify genotypes that are tolerant to water stress in bread wheat, 50 bread wheat genotypes were compared in a randomized complete block design with three replications under both the non-stress dry farming with two complementary irrigation and the water stress dry farming conditions in Khorramabad, Iran. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference among the genotypes in terms of all of the traits except the number of spike per area. In this study, eight indices including: Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Mean Productivity (MP), Yield Index (YI), Harmonic Mean (HM), Yield Stability Index (YSI), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), and Tolerance index (TOL) were calculated by using of seed yield of the genotypes under both conditions. Indices that selection based on them will improve the yield in both conditions, are considered as suitable index. STI, GMP, MP and HM were introduced as suitable index for drought resistance selection. Genotypes Shiroodi and S-90-5 were determined as the most appropriate based on 3D plot. Based on positive correlation between water stress resistance indices and yield under stress and non-stress environments, STI and GMP were the best indices. By using the Biplot method, Shiroodi, S-90-5 and Oroum genotypes were considered as high yielding potential genotypes under the both conditions. According to the results of cluster analysis, genotypes were classified into three groups based on drought tolerance indices. Graphical analysis of genotypes also showed that genotypes Shiroodi and S-90-5 were more profitable than others under both drought stress and non-drought stress conditions. These genotypes could also be used as parents caring desirable genes in the crossing programs and selection of tolerate genotypes.
Shaghayegh Mehravi, Gholam Ali Ranjbar, Hamid Najafi-Zarrini, Ghader Mirzaghaderi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
Anise is an annual plant belonging to Apiaceae family and fruit essential oil of this herb is used in various pharmaceutical, cosmetic and beverage industries. Drought stress is one of the most critical limiting factors for anise production in worldwide. In this research, to finding interrelationships among different traits and performance, some anise genotypes were evaluated using the biplot method. In this study, 18 anise genotypes were evaluated in normal irrigation regime and drought stress conditions according to a randomized complete block design with three replications at the field of the Western Australia University (UWA), Australia. Fifteen phonological, morphological and physiological traits were measured. Results indicated the positive and significant correlations between yield and fruit number and fruit thousand weight in both conditions. Due to the negative correlation between phonological features with fruit yield in two different irrigation conditions, it could be concluded that to have genotypes with high fruit yield, selection for early ripening genotypes should be done in anise. In this study, a significant correlation was observed between fruit yield and relative water content in the stress condition. Therefore, this trait can be used as a physiological index to evaluate drought tolerance in anise. According to cluster analysis based on the measured traits, genotypes were divided into 3 groups in both non-stress and stress conditions. According to the results of the comparison of the means of the groups in non-stress and drought stress conditions, genotypes No. 1, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16 were identified as the most drought-tolerant genotypes. These genotypes could be utilized in breeding programs for further improvement of drought tolerance in anise germplasm.
Mehdi Rahimi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
The diallel mating design is an important tool used by plant breeding programs to obtain information on trait inheritance. Knowledge of gene action, heritability and genetic advance from selection is a prerequisite for starting a breeding program for developing varieties of maize. Five maize S7 lines and their F2 progenies were studied in a 5 × 5 half-diallel crossing design to evaluate the gene action and the heritability of biochemical and physiological traits. Parents and their F2 hybrids were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Graduate University of Advanced Technology (Kerman, Iran) in 2017 cropping year, and chlorophyll (Chl), proline, protein, carotenoid and reducing sugars traits were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for the studied traits at 1% probability level. The graphical results of Hayman's analysis showed the role of over-dominance genes effects in controlling proline content, sugars content, Chl a, Chl b, total Chl and carotenoids traits whiles the protein content trait was controlled by the incomplete dominance of genes. The narrow-sense heritability for carotenoid and proline content traits were 0.14, for protein content was 0.44 and for other traits were varaied in this range. The results of this study showed that the use of heterozygosity and the production of hybrid varieties can be used to breeding traits such as proline content, sugars content, Chl a, Chl b, total Chl and carotenoids. However, for breeding of protein content, use of both methods (selection and production of hybrid) are proposed.
Peyman Sharifi, Abouzar Abbasian, Ali Mohaddesi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) are two methods for analyzing multi-environment trials (MET). In this study, seven selected rice lines were evaluated along with two check varieties based on randomized complete block design in Tonekabon, Amol and Sari (Iran) in three growing seasons of 2011-14. To quantify the genotypic stability, the best linear unbiased predictions of the genotype by environment interactions (GEI) were estimated, and singular value decomposition (SVD), which is the basis of AMMI analysis, was performed on the resulting matrix. The likelihood ratio test (LRT) showed that the effect of GEI was significant on grain yield, number of tillers, thousand grains weight and panicle length. Therefore, due to the significant interaction of genotype by environment, BLUP analysis can be performed on this data. The biplot of first principal component (PC1) of the environment versus nominal yield showed that genotypes 7 ([IR 67015-22-6-2-(A37632) × (Amol3 × Ramzanalitarom)]39), 6 (IR67015-22-6-2-(A37632) × (Amol3 × Ramzanalitarom)]126) and 2 ([IR64669-153-2-3 - (A8948) × (4Surinam Deylamani)]2), due to the lowest scores of the PC1, had a small share in the GEI and had more grain yield stability. The biplot of grain yield versus WAASB, placed genotypes in four regions, so that genotypes in the fourth region, including genotypes 6, 7, 8 (Line 843, check variety), and 9 (Shirodi, check variety), were due to large value of response variable (high grain yield) and high stability (low values of WAASB) were very productive and had extensive stability. Identification of genotypes with weighted average of WAASB and response variable (WAASBY) criteria showed that genotypes 6 and 7 were high yields and stable. Based on the multi-trait stability index (MTSI), G6 was also selected as the best genotype in terms of grain yield, evaluated traits and stability of each trait. Totally, genotype 6 was stable and superior based on the results of all methods.
Reza Amiri, Sohbat Bahraminejad, Kianoosh Cheghamirza,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2021)
Abstract
The study of the genetic structure controlling agronomic traits is one of the preconditions for selecting the appropriate breeding method. In order to analyze genetic of some agronomic traits of bread wheat using generation mean analysis, parents and different generations resulting from the cross of Marvdasht × MV-17 wheat cultivars were assessed in a randomized complete block design with three replicates under normal and terminal drought stress conditions in Research Farm of Razi University (Iran) during 2015-2016 cropping season. Based on the results of weighted ANOVA, a significant difference was observed between different generations for most of the studied traits under both conditions. Generations mean analysis revealed that in addition to the additive and dominance gene effects, a variety of epistatic effects also played a role in the inheritance of most traits, and therefore cannot hope for the success of selection in first generations. The role of additive gene effect was greater than the dominance one for plant height, peduncle length and awn length, indicating usefulness of using recurrent selection to aggregate these genes followed by selecting lines with favorable agronomic characteristics. The model of genetic control for most of the traits was similar under both conditions in terms of the presence or absence of non-allelic interactions and it has not been widely affected by drought stress. The broad-sense heritability for plant height, peduncle length and awn length was estimated to be high under both conditions. The broad-sense heritability for kernel yield was moderate estimated under both conditions, but the narrow-sense heritability was very low. In general, considering the greater role of the non-additive gene effect for most of the traits, the selection is suggested in advanced generations and after access to a high level of gene fixation.
Mohaddaseh Gholami Farahabadi, Gholam Ali Ranjbar, Ali Dehestani-Kalagar, Nadali Bagheri,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2021)
Abstract
Bread’s quality depends on wheat flours quality and quantity and for the goal to be achieved, the usage of suitable wheat varieties should be considered. Present study focuses on analyzing doubled-haploid lines of wheat’s bread backing quality and the relationship between qualitative traits and glutenins reservoir proteins. In current work, traits related to bread backing quality of 30 doubled-haploid lines of wheat including their parents and two control varieties (Ehsan and Morvarid) were evaluated. SDS-PAGE test was conducted to identify total amount of protein and the relationship between seeds reservoir proteins and qualitative traits, afterward, a test was conducted to evaluate expression of genes involved in bread backing quality. Results showed that there are significant differences on evaluated traits among all wheat’s genotypes. The highest volume of Zeleny sediment were related to DH-143 and DH-159 (34 and 31 ml, respectively), the highest amount of wet gluten were attributed to DH-159 and DH-143 (77.8 and 74.85 gr, respectively), the highest amount of dry gluten were attributed to DH-159 and DH-143 (26.21 and 25.11 gr, respectively), the highest amount of water absorption percentage were attributed to DH-159 and DH-143 (51.59 and 49.74%, respectively), and the highest percentage of protein content were attributed to DH-143 and DH-159 lines (with the amount of 18.03 and 17.72% respectively). Analyzing of bread backing quality traits indicated that DH-143 and DH-159 were better than the other genotypes. SDS-PAGE test results pointed that the highest amount of seed’s protein is attributed to DH-159 and DH-143 (28.23 and 26.63 µ/gr, respectively). Based on gene expression analysis (using real-time PCR), it was indicated that lines DH-143 and DH-159 had a higher level of expressed than the control treatments for HMW-X, HMW-Y and PDIL genes. Therefore, lines DH-143 and DH-159 could be used in breeding program for optimizing bread backing quality.
Ali Barzgari, Saeed Malekzade Shafaroudi, Saeed Khavari Khorasani, Farajollah Shahriari Ahmadi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
In breeding programs determination of gene effects and general and specific combining ability for screening of test crosses is necessary. In order to estimate the genetic variance components and the general and specific combining ability of sweet corn lines, an experiment was conducted using 8 sweet corn S6 inbred lines (including 4 maternal and 4 paternal lines) by line × tester mating design in 2019, at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan Razavi Province, Mashhad, Iran. The obtained test cross hybrids were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2020. The results of line, tester and line × tester analysis for most of measured traits showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The σ2gca/σ2sca ratio for grain yield was equal to 0.1, showed that while both additive and dominance effects play a role in controlling this trait, but dominance effect was higher. The results for general combining ability of L3 and T1 lines showed positive and significant GCA effect for grain yield. Also, the specific combining ability of grain yield showed that T4 × L2, T1 × L3 and T3 × L1 had the highest SCA rate. In this study, in terms of grain yield, T1 × L3, T4 × L2 and T1 × L4 with 33.96, 30.47 and 27.85 tons per hectare had the highest green ear yield, respectively. These combinations can be as the hybrids with high yield potential in advanced breeding programs for release of new sweet corn varieties.
Ahmad Kaab Omeyr, Payam Pourmohammadi, Abdolali Gilani, Khalil Alami-Saeid, Mohammad Fakhari,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Various strategies have been developed to reduce water consumption in rice cultivation, including rice cultivation in water-saturated soil, drying and wetting of the soil (periodic irrigation), and aerobic rice cultivation. In this study, in order to identify and grouping rice cultivars suitable for aerobic cultivation, 34 cultivars of native and improved rice cultivars were selected and evaluated. Factor analysis based on principal components analysis based on all traits showed that 6 factors were extracted with special values of more than one. These 6 factors, after the Varimax rotation, justify the 6 main and independent factors, justifying 78.08% of the total variation. In the first harvest, cluster analysis using WARD method, cultivars were grouped into 4 groups, which cluster 3 being the largest cluster. Discriminant analysis of first harvest, showed that all cultivars were grouped correctly. In canonical discriminant the first two canonical functions with eigenvalues greater than one explained a total of 88.9% of the variance. In cluster analysis based on the average of the data obtained from Raton product, genotypes were divided into two different groups. The genotypes of the first group were higher than the genotypes of the second group in terms of yield and yield components and were introduced as superior genotypes. Heritability with genetic improvement for leaf area duration, number of seedling (grown plants), number of spikes per unit area, number of full seeds and degree of maturity showed that these traits can be transferred to hybrid offspring and selections based on these traits are effective.
Amir Gholizadeh, Hassan Amiri Oghan, Valiollah Rameeh, Kamal Payghamzadeh, Behnam Bakhshi, Bahram Alizadeh, Seyed Alireza Dalili, Shahriar Kia, Farnaz Shariati,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Genetic diversity is key to breeding programs and increasing selection efficiency. In this study, 19 promising advanced lines (F7 generation) along with two cultivars, Dalgan and, RGS003 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three experimental field stations (Gorgan, Sari and, Zabol) during the 2020–2021 growing season. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations was found for number of lateral branches and number of pods per plant, respectively. The highest broad sense heritability was estimated for days to end of flowering, and days to start of flowering and the lowest broad sense heritability was estimated for the plant height. The genotypes G16, G18, G15, G1, G2, G5, and G20 with a higher SIIG values as well as a higher seed yield above average were introduced as superior genotypes with respect to yield and other agronomic traits. Therefore, these genotypes can be used for further testing, including adaptation tests. Also, the results of factor analysis and genetic correlation coefficients indicated a positive relationship between number of lateral branches, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod with seed yield and seed yield. Generally, it can be concluded that number of lateral branches, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod traits could be used as the appropriate criteria to select for increasing seed yield in rapeseed breeding programs.
Elina Nazari Khakshoor, Amin Azadi, Peyman Fourozesh, Alireza Etminan, Eslam Majidi Hervan,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Salinity stress falls into the major environmental factors that limit the production of various crops, including wheat. An effective approach to reducing the impacts of stress is the production of new salinity-tolerant cultivars. Accordingly, identifying effective genes and molecular mechanisms responsible for salinity tolerance is an essential step for breeding programs. In this investigation, a population of F12 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) comprising 186 genotypes was studied to identify the loci that control some physiological traits and element concentrations in the wheat seedling stage under salinity stress. Totally, 12 quantitative traits loci (QTLs) were identified for wet weight, dry weight, length, and sodium and potassium contents using the composite interval mapping (CIM) analysis. Most of the identified QTLs were located on chromosomes B and D. A gene ontology (GO) analysis specified candidate genes in QTL regions. However, it is noteworthy that candidate genes need confirmation using marker-assisted identification. The prioritization of genes resulted in determining 3486 candidate genes in 19 GO phrases (including eight biological processes). These genes are involved in the processes of glutathione metabolism, L-phenylalanine catabolism, cytoplasmic translation, auxin-activated signaling pathway, transcriptional regulation, DNA-patterning, protoporphyrinogen IX, cell wall organization and genesis, xyloglucan tRNA metabolism, protein glycosylation, pigment biosynthesis, etc. GO may be introduced for identifying novel CGs in which the associated QTL is responsible for complicated traits.
Samira Karimi, Maghsoud Pazhouhandeh, Kambiz Azizpour,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Transgenic plants and their products are being developed day by day due to their improved characteristics, and it is necessary to evaluate the safety of these plants before releasing them. Hence, the importance of the issue of biosafety of transgenic plants and the use of their products has led the regulatory agencies to create some laws called substantial equivalence. based on that, the essential nutrients of transgenic plants are examined and compared with the control. The present study aimed to compare the transgenic potato line F (salinity-resistant) with non-transgenic Agria cultivar plants. The salt resistant potato line was produced by transferring Arabidopsis SOS3 gene to potato (Agria variety) and its resistance was confirmed. First, the presence of AtSOS3 gene in F-line plants was confirmed and then the substantial equivalent experiments were performed by comparing the production of proline, soluble sugars, carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b, the relative expression of Catalase1 (CAT1) and AtSOS3 gene between F and non-transgenic WT Agria plants. Based on evaluations of physiological traits and some metabolites (proline content, soluble sugars, carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b) and morphological traits (plant height, dry and fresh weight of plant) between line F and WT, no significant difference was observed. The number of microbiome colonies around the root in the transgenic F and non-transgenic WT plants was a non-significant difference, which indicates that the transgenic line has no threatening effects on the environment and human pathogenicity. The relative expression of AtSOS3 and Catalase1 genes in line F had higher values than WT. The reason for such increase in the expression of Catalase1 is the activation of plant defense mechanisms against stress. Finally, the results of the evaluations proved the equality of line F and WT
Seyede Sharare Arianezhad, Hamid Hamid Najafi Zarini, Mehdi Ghaffari, Gholamali Ranjbar,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
This research was carried out to estimate the genetic variance components for sunflower fatty acids in two separate optimum and drought stressed conditions in Karaj during 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. The plant materials consisted of 12 hybrids derived from crossing of four restorer lines by three cytoplasmic male sterile lines (Testers) that were evaluated in two separate experiments as randomized complete block design with three replications. Drought stress made a reduction in oil yield (34 percent), oil content (six percent), stearic acid (4.7 percent) and oleic acid (10.6 percent) and an increase in palmitic acid (12 percent) and linoleic acid (2.8 percent). Line × tester interaction effect had a major role in explanation of the variance of the hybrids in terms of fatty acid content in both conditions, indicating the critical role of non-additive effects in genetic control of these traits. Under optimum irrigation, oil yield, oil content and stearic acid content were under control of both additive and dominant gene action and palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were under control of dominant gene action. Under drought stress, except oil content which was under control of additive effects, all the other traits were under control of dominant gene action. According to the results of this study, fatty acid composition of sunflower was under control of non-additive genetic effects and the crossing-based methods and hybrid breeding could be used for improvement of sunflower in terms of fatty acid composition.
Jamshid Moradpour, Hadi Ahmadi, Mahmoud Bagheri, Daryoush Goudarzi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) has a high genetic variation in Iran and there are many landraces of this crop in Iran. In the present study, 15 superior genotypes of eggplant which were selected from Minab landraces accompanying two superior mother landraces (totally 17 lines) were studied for two successive years in three regions of Iran including Minab, Karaj and Jiroft. The experiment was conducted in Randomized complete block design with three replications. Finally, total yield of both years was measured and the combined analysis was done and the best line(s) for different climates were introduced using evaluation the stability of the lines via AMMI and GGE biplot procedures. Based on the results of means comparison of yield in the studied lines in each region from average of two years, GHE12 line in Minab region, SA13 line in Jiroft region and AM4, SA15 and SA5 lines in Karaj region have higher fruit yield than the other lines. Based on the results of yield comparison of the examined genotypes in each region from the average of two years of testing, GHE12 genotype in Minab region, SA13 genotype in Jiroft region and AM4, SA15 and SA5 genotypes in Karaj region had acceptable yield compared to other genotypes. However, according to the results of special adaptability and stability analysis, Y genotype for Minab region, SA13 genotype for Jiroft region and AM4 genotype for Karaj region are recommended
Davood Kiani, Gholamreza Ghodrati, Sadollah Mansouri,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Sesame is an important crop plant for harsh environmental conditions because it is relatively resistance to drought stress. Evaluation of different genotypes in different climate condition plays a fundamental role in selection of the best genotypes before the commercial release of a variety and helping in identify plant traits that should be monitored during breeding experiments. In the present study, 10 promising lines obtained from the preliminary yield test were investigated to evaluate the yield compatibility along with 6 local cultivars in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replications in two cropping years (2018 and 2019) in Dashtestan climate condition in Bushehr province. During the growing season, phenology traits, grain yield components and grain yield were measured. Based on the results of ANOVA, statistically significant difference was observed between different genotypes for plant height, height of the first sub branch, height of the first capsule, number of sub branches, number of capsules per plant, length of capsule, length of capsule bearing zone, number of seeds in capsule and grain yield. Based on the mean comparison and biplot analysis the genotype 12 (Local Dashtestan), 2 (SES97-103), 7 (SES97-110) and 15 (Local Jiroft), were identified as superior genotypes for grain yield. Genotype 5 (SES97-105) and genotypes 14 (SES97-124) with 104.5 days and 4 (Local Darab1) with 111 showed the highest and lowest number of days to maturity, respectively. First capsule height showed the highest positive and significant phenotype (0.56) and genetic (0.78) correlation with grain yield. Days to the end of flowering and days to physiological maturity traits showed a negative genetic correlation with yield. Cluster analysis separated 16 sesame genotypes into four separate groups. Based on regression analysis, the height of the first capsule was identified as the most sensitive trait in predicting the yield of sesame genotypes in Dashtestan region in Bushehr province, which seems it can be considered during breeding programs.
Nasrin Razmi, Ebrahim Hezarjaribi, Abbasali Andarkhor,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Soybean is the promising oilseed in the face of protein and oil shortage. In this study 16 advanced soybean genotypes, in terms of seed yield and yield components were evaluated using multivariate statistical methods. This experiment was carried out in the form of randomized complete block design (RCBD) in the research farm of Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center (Moghan) for two consecutive years (2017-2018). Combined analysis of variance emphasized the statistically significant differences for seed yield, yield components and growth period among these soybean genotypes. Based on the mean comparison results, G1, G5 and G11 genotypes had the highest grain yield, longest growth period was observed in G1, G16 and G6 genotypes and highest number of seeds per m2 was belonged to G1, G16 and G9 genotypes. The broad sense heritability for plant height, seed yield and number seed in m2 were 0.92.07, 75.31 and 79.25 percentage, respectively. Also, the results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between seed yield and leaf area of per plant, growth period, number of seeds per m2 and number of pods per plant. Genotypes were classified into four distinct groups in cluster analysis and the Ward method. The results of principal component analysis and biplot confirmed by the clustering results, too.G1, G2, G5 and G11 genotypes belong to the first group from cluster analysis with higher seed yield and number of seed per m2, and these genotypes are recommended in future breeding programs.
Jawed Rahimi, Fatemeh Amini, Hossein Ramshini, Mahyar Abedi, Mahmood Lotfi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Tomato is the second most important vegetables, after potato, which has the highest area of cultivation worldwide. Acording to FAO statistics, Iran is the sixth producer of tomato cultivation in the world. However, more than 95 percent of vegetable seeds are imported into the country. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate commercial imported hybrids (8320, Eden, Matin and Xaman) and the F2 and F3 generations resulting from their self-breeding. In this regard, after the production of F2 and F3 generations, three generations (F1, F2 and F3) together with the control variety (Early Orbana y) were evaluated in the research farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran, based on a randomized complete block design with four replications during 2019-2020. The analysis of variance showed that the difference among genotypes for single plant yield, days to flowering, average single fruit weight, number of fruits harvested and acidity (pH), was significant at the level of 1% probability and total soluble solids (TSS) was significant at the level of 5%. The results of the mean comparison showed that the highest mean of single plant yield belonged to 8320 F1 (10920/10g), the highest days to flowering was observed in Xaman F2 (47.01 days), the highest mean weight of single fruit was observed in Xaman F1 (115.50 g), the highest number of fruits harvested was in Xaman F1 (106.62), the highest amount of total soluble solids was in Matin F3 generation (4.96) and the lowest amount of acidity (pH) was in 8320 F1 (4.10). The results of estimating genetic parameters showed that most of the evaluated traits had high genetic and phenotypic variances, but a slight difference was observed between the coefficient of phototypic variation and the coefficient of genotypic variation, which indicates a small effect of environment on the control of these traits. Higher variance of dominance than additive variance in most traits caused the degree of dominance to be greater than one, Therefore, the possibility of control of traits by genes with dominance or over-dominance effects is high, and in order to improve these traits, the methods for hybrid development are suggested.
Jafar Ahmadi, Amir Abbas Taghizadeh, Mohialdin Pirkhezri,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
To determine the ideal genotypes in terms of the quantity and quality of fruit, 32 genotypes of greengage were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research station of Horticultural Research Institute in Karaj during two cropping seasons 2018 and 2019. To evaluate the genotypes and to determine the ideal genotype, 26 traits related to fruit, fruiting and yield were used. Combined variance analysis of data showed that the genotype source of variation was significant for all studied traits at the level of 0.01 probability level. ASIIG index showed that the genotypes CodR, Cod100, Malayer, and Gojeh Siah are the best and most desirable genotypes with an index higher than 55%, respectively. Also, Cod98, Cod99, Gojeh Baghi Qasr Dasht, Gojeh Qomi, and Gojeh Holandi with ASIIG index higher than 49% were ranked next. The grouping of genotypes using ASIIG method diagrams, the genotypes CodR, Cod100, Cod98, Cod99, Gojeh Malayer, Gojeh Siah, and Gojeh Baghi Qasr Dasht were located in the ideal quartile. Using cluster analysis, the genotypes CodR, Cod100, black, and Malayer as well as completely ideal hypothetical genotype (+) were placed in a group at a distance line of 0.018. According to the results of this study, seven genotypes CodR, Cod100, Cod98, Cod99, Gojeh Malayer, Gojeh Siah, and Gojeh Baghi Qasr Dasht were selected as the ideal genotypes in terms of fruit quantity and quality. Finally, due to the high benefits of the ASIIG index, it was suggested that this index can be used in other horticultural products to determine the ideal genotype.
Mohammad Zabet, Fahime Barazandeh, Alireza Samadzadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
To investigate the genetic structure of different sesame traits, 7 genotypes, including Ardestan, Sirjan, Fars, Sabzevar, Jiroft, Oltan and TS-3 were studied in the form of a 7 x 7 one-way diallel design in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture at University of Birjand during 2015-2018.The traits measured included plant height, height to the first capsule, number of auxiliary branches, number of leaves, leaf length, days to 50 % flowering, days to 90 % flowering, days to physiological maturity, number of capsules per plant, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, number of seeds per capsule, capsule weight, capsule length, capsule width, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, oil and protein percentage.Hayman′s variance analysis showed that there were significant components a, b and b3 in all traits and components b1 and b2 in most traits. Parameters D, H1, and H2 were significant and the parameters F, h2 and E were not significant for most traits. The average degree of dominance (√H1/D) showed incomplete dominance and over dominance for all traits. The H2/(4H1) parameter was less than 0.25 in all traits except the day to 50 % flowering, suggesting that increasing and decreasing genes did not have symmetrical distribution among the parents. The parameter (√(4DH1)+F)/√(4DH1)-F ) showed symmetrical and asymmetrical distributions for the studied traits. In most of the traits, there was a dominant gene block controlling the traits. Broad sense and narrow sense heritabilities ranged 0.47-0.99 and 0.17-0.98, respectively. In general, all traits were controlled by genes with additive and dominance effects, so it is possible to select and produce hybrids in sesame. Considering that Fars, Oltan and TS-3 genotypes had the most dominant alleles, it is recommended that in future studies, attention should be paid to these three genotypes.
Mostafa Khodadadi, Behzad Sorkhilalehloo, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian, Jahangir Abbasi Kohpalekani, Mahmoud Bagheri, Milad Karbasi,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
Eggplant is a highly nutritious vegetable that is widely consumed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity between eggplant accessions from the National Plant Gene-Bank of Iran. In the first year, a preliminary evaluation was conducted using 168 accessions. Based on preliminary evaluation results, 40 accessions were selected for complementary evaluation in the second year. The evaluation was based on 23 quantitative and qualitative traits. The results of the preliminary evaluation showed statistically significant (P<0.01) differences between accessions for all traits. Fruit shape frequencies were rounded (35.89 percent), elongated (32.18 percent), oval (13.67 percent), Semi-elongated (13.15 percent), and mace-shaped (5.11 percent). In the complementary evaluation, there were significant differences between accessions for all traits. Qualitative traits such as flower color (1.56) and fruit shape (1.53) exhibited the highest genetic variation, while fruit color (0.5) showed the lowest. Cluster analysis analysis results revealed four groups for accessions and the highest (22.34) and least (0.12) genetic distances between 1 and 2 and between 7 and 21accessions, respectively. Factor analysis showed that the first three factors explained 68.06 percent of total variation in data. The first and second factors were related to yield and yield components, respectively. Also, fruit yield traits showed high heritability and there was significant genetic correlation between these traits. Therefore, high heritable and high-scoring traits in these factors should be considered when selecting progenies in segregating populations for improvement in terms of fruit yield and shape.
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