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Showing 35 results for Marker
Mohammad Reza Jafarzadeh Razmi, Saeid Navabpour, Hossein Sabouri, Seyedeh Sanaz Ramezanpour,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
In order to analyze the genetic components of agronomic traits among 116 F9 recombinant lines derived from crosses of Ahlamitarom × Sepidroud rice cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design in research farm of Gonbad Kavous University of Agriculture with three replications in 2016 and 2017. Genetic linkage map provided with 80 SSR markers, 28 iPBS Markers (79 polymorphic alleles), 7 IRAP markers (17 polymorphic alleles) and 26 ISSR markers (70 polymorphic alleles), which covered 1275.4 cM of the rice genome. QTL analysis was performed by Composite Interval Mapping. In two years, 15 QTLs detected for the studied traits. The additive effected varied from 6.725 g for grain weight up to -85.626 g for grain weight. Also, R2 for the detected QTLs explained from 11.3% to 20% of the total variation. The highest R2 was related to grain weight in the first year of experiment. Among the detected QTLs, qGWs on chromosome 1, were found to be stable and large effector QTLs for rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain weight, and can be used in marker-assisted breeding and selection programs after validation.
Raheleh Aziznia, Hedieh Badakhshan, Taimoor Javadi, Soma Zamani,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
In this study, variation of beta-glucan content was assessed in 20 barley line and cultivars based on complete block design with three replications. Genetic diversity of these genotypes was also evaluated using ISSR markers. Beta-glucan extracted by an enzymatic method. Significant differences were found at the level of 1% among barley genotypes for beta-glucan content. The beta glucan content was variable from 7.21 to 12.48 and, the Yosef, E94B3 and E94B17 genotypes hold the highest content of the beta-glucan. ISSR primers with average polymorphism of 66.79%, genetic diversity of 0.25 and Shannon index of 0.37 were determined as efficient markers for studying genetic diversity. The barley lines and cultivars were assigned in two distinct groups according to their genetic pedigree. On the basis of non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation, and stepwise regression analysis, nine informative primers were detected explaining highest seed’s beta-glucan content variations ranging from 24.3 to 42.4 percent. The ISSR6 (700), the combination of ISSR1+ISSR4 (1400) and IS2+ ISSR2 (1400) primers were the most informative primers for the beta-glucan content. The informative markers provide possible functional and efficient marker based selection method and, screening the barley germplasms for the highest beta-glucan content.
Reza Mir Drikvand, Kamran Samiei,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
Estimation of genetic diversity and evaluation of plant germplasm is the most important step in collection and management of plant genetic resources. Also, comparison of different DNA-based genetic markers in diversity evaluation and then advising the most efficient markers is very important. In order to investigate genetic variation among Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindi.) populations of Lorestan province (Iran), 20 genotypes were collected from different geographical and climatic regions. After DNA extraction, polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used for study of polymorphism using three markers including ISJ, ISSR and SCoT. Genotyping was performed using the polymorphic bands obtained from all three markers separately, and also by combining the data of three markers. PCR results of the primers showed 91 polymorphic bands with an average of 71% per locus. The ISSR marker with 44 bands had the most polymorphic bands. Genotypes were discriminated by ISJ, ISSR and SCoT markers in 5, 6 and 5 groups, respectively, and using the combined data of three markers, genotypes were classified in 5 groups (each group included more than one genotype) and 3 group (each group included one genotype). The results showed that the obtained clustering by different markers were nearly consistent with clustering of genotypes based on the climatic origin of genotypes. The most similarity between the groupings was between ISJ and ISSR markers with 89%. Overall, the results indicated the usefulness of markers used to estimate genetic distances between different oak communities.
Abbas Saberi Kuchesfahani, Atefeh Sabouri, Amin Abedi, Ali Aalami, Teimour Razavipour,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
water stress and, in this regard, it is necessary to improve rice cultivars to tolerance to environmental stresses. In this research 154 recombinant inbred lines (F9) derived from a cross between Shah-Pasand and IR28 in three conditions (non-stress, osmotic stress -0.3 and -0.6 Mpa induced through polyethylene glycol-6000) were evaluated as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design. In addition, for molecular polymorphism experiment, 110 SSR and EST-SSR markers were assessed on parents of population and among them, 41 markers identified which had proper polymorphism between two parents. The regression analysis between germination components and molecular markers revealed the most coefficient of determination were found in RM211 for allometric coefficient (17%) under non-stress, RMES10-1 for Plumule dry weight (18%) under -0.3 MPa; and RM273 for germination uniformity (22.7%) under -0.6 MPa. RM3496, RM452, and RMES6-1 in three conditions had the most number of significant relationships with six, three and eight traits, respectively, and they can be a suitable candidate for simultaneous improvement of several traits in breeding programs of marker-assisted selection. In addition, after the identification of significant markers associated with germination components, the closest genes to these markers were identified using bioinformatic analysis, and the analysis of their expression were performed by rice transcriptome database. According to the results, the maximum gene expression pattern under drought stress and under non-stress conditions were related to loci LOC_Os01g57220 and LOC_Os01g26039, respectively and this information could be applied in breeding programs.
Mahnaz Katouzi, Saeid Navabpour, Hossein Sabouri , Ali Akbar Ebadi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
In order to identify QTLs controlling agronomically traits, landrace Tarom and rice Tarom mutant were crossed. SSR, ISSR, iPBS and IRAP markers were amplified in 250 F2 individuals to prepare the linkage map. Number of tillers, 100 grain weight, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, plant height, panicle length, number of branches, stem diameter, grain length, grain width, grain shape, straw weight, days to maturity, flag leaf length and flag leaf width were measured for 250 individuals. The linkage map covered 970.9 cM of rice genome. The distance between two adjacent markers was calculated to be 12.77 cM. Based on the results, a total of 13 QTLs were identified for the evaluated traits. For all studied traits, alleles transferred from the parents to the QTLs detected increased grain yield. Most QTLs were detected for days to flowering. Three QTLs were located on chromosomes 10 and 4 (two QTLs) for days to flowering. qLDF-4a and qLDF-4b had a negative additive effect and the parent alleles of the mutant landrace Tarom reduced the number of days to flowering. These QTLs explained 11.6% of the phenotypic variance. Since the population under study was derived from a cross between landrace and mutant Tarom cultivars and the resulting population varied only in the mutated genes; so, the QTLs detected in this study were more accurate in location and expression levels, and after validation of them, they could be recommended for marker assistant selection breeding programs.
Mahdi Rezaei, Abdoreza Kavand,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Cultivar identification in micro-propagated date palm seedlings is laborious so that application of molecular markers to facilitate and acceleration of the procedure seems inevitable. Given the need for control the originality of micro- propagated date palm seedlings, the aim of this study was evaluation of SSR markers usability to cultivar identification in micro-propagated date palm seedlings. Original samples of Green Ghanami, Red Ghanami, Gantar, Deiry, Ostaemran, Barhi, Medjool, Zahedi and Piarum cultivars were used control. Taking into account the rigidity of leaves and subsequently high consumption of liquid nitrogen to powder leaves, an efficient method for powdering of leaves using Tissue Lyser II instrument was optimized. Eight SSR primer pairs were used for polymerase chain reaction. The Results showed that by using these molecular markers and reliable controls, determination of micro- propagated date palm cultivars is feasible. Clustering of cultivars showed that all of them were differentiated using five SSR primer pairs including mPdCIR025, mPdCIR057, mPdCIR070, PDAG1003 and DP175. Also, barcoding of scored band illustrated that c1 allele (230 to 240 bp) for Piarum cultivar and d3 allele (220 to 230 bp) for Medjool cultivar were exclusive. Totally to make the results referable, cultivar identification diagram was drawn up.
Abouzar Abouzari, Ahmad Reza Dadras, Behrouz Golein, Yahya Tajvar,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
In breeding programs, it is necessary having knowledge of the relatedness and genetic diversity in germplasm pools. The spread of cultivated regions and the high levels of production indicates citrus importance in the global economy. Therefore, 110 citrus genotypes were evaluated using 12 ISSR markers. Overall, 154 polymorphic bands were scored with an average of 12.8 alleles per primer. The polymorphism percentage ranged from 57 for the ISSR1 to 82 for the ISSR9. Averages of polymorphic information content (PIC), marker index (MI), gene diversity index (Nei), Shannon index (I) and number of effective alleles (Ne) were 0.48 ± 0.002, 6.14 ± 1.17, 0.42 ± 0.11, 0.61 ± 0.12 and 1.78 ± 0.27, respectively. Based on genetic diversity statistics, the studied population had high genetic diversity, and four markers (ISSR11, ISSR9, ISSR4, and ISSR5) had more potential for differentiation of genotypes. Cluster analysis and model-based structure analysis, divided the genotypes into five groups and four subpopulations based on the Neighbor-Joining method (NJ) and Bayesian approach, respectively. Based on both analyses, grouping of unknown genotypes and control cultivars in the same group probably confirms the assumption of a common genetic background between these genotypes. Results from the two analyses showed that Pummelo (C. maxima), Mandarin (C. reticulate), and Citron (C. medica), as three true citrus species, separated in different groups. In addition to the three true species, at least one species or another genus of citrus relatives is involved in the genetic makeup of the studied population. In this study, although both used analyses were effective in completing each other's information, by considering the degree of genetic mixing and the information of the origin of the genotypes, the effectiveness of model-based structure analysis in evaluating genetic relationships could be achieved.
Ghasem Eghlima, Azizollah Kheiry, Mohsen Sanikhani, Javad Hadian, Mitra Aelaie,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2021)
Abstract
Twenty-two G. glabra populations were used to study the genetic diversity of ISSR molecular markers. 12 primers were used to amplification of genomic DNA fragments of G. glabra populations. High genetic diversity based on ISSR markers was observed among individuals. A total of 130 bands were formed and 105 bands were polymorphic. The mean polymorphism percentage among studied populations was 80.47. The highest polymorphic percentages were assigned to IS23, IS21, IS9, IS13 and IS15 primers. The mean of PIC and MI were 0.347 and 2.47, respectively. The Shannon index (I) varied between 0.207-0.393 and the Nei genetic variation index (h) from 0.140 to 0.026. Darab and Solataniyeh populations showed the lowest and highest genetic diversity, respectively. The percentage of polymorphic loci was varied between 35.224 to 65.71%. The observe allele number and effective alleles number was 1.46 and 1.34, respectively. Based on the genetic distance Nei, populations Bardsir and Baft had the highest genetic similarity (0.888) and populations Bardsir and Solataniyeh had the least genetic similarity (0.132). The studied populations were grouped into three main groups by cluster analysis using UPGAM and Jaccard's similarity coefficient. The results showed that the ISSR marker is a reliable marker system for revealing a high level of polymorphism and can be used to study genetic diversity and further examinations as a subset of breeding programs in G. glabra.
Saeid Navabpour, Ahad Yamchi, Sasan Golcheshmeh,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2021)
Abstract
The present study was performed to classify and study genetic diversity between Calotropis procera accessions from different regions of Kerman province (Iran) using ISSR markers. In total, DNA from 14 plant samples with nine ISSR primers was amplified by PCR and their banding pattern was obtained. The primers showed acceptable polymorphism (35.93) and minimum and maximum polymorphic information content (PIC) of primers in this study were 0.11 for ISSR9 primer and 0.41 for ISSR3 and ISSR8 primers, respectively. Genetic similarity based on Nei index was varied from 0.405 to 0.745 and the lowest genetic similarity was found between J3 (Related to Jiroft) and D2 (Related to Dosari) and the highest genetic similarity was found between J1 and J2 (both of them for Jiroft). By using UPGMA cluster analysis, samples divided into four groups, and the second and third groups contained more accessions. In terms of genetic similarity, two accessions of Jiroft 1 (J1) and Jiroft 2 (J2) which classified in the same cluster were closer. Also, the accessions collected from Anbarabad were at a longer genetic distance than other accessions. Principal coordinate analysis also showed that the first and second components justify 67 percent of obtained genetic diversity. In general, ISSR markers were useful for classifying Calotropis procera accessions and according to the obtained information about existence of genetic diversity between Calotropis procera accessions of Kerman province, this diversity could be useful in the future for breeding and production of Calotropis procera.
Fatemeh Raeisi, Leila Fahmideh, Barat Ali Fakheri, Mojtaba Kikhasaber,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2021)
Abstract
Due to the importance of date palm production in Iran, introduction of new cultivars, improvement of current cultivars and studying the genetic diversity among available cultivars is essential for improvement the quantity and quality of date palm production. In this research, 15 different local genotypes of date palm collected from Saravan, Jalgh, Nahook and Sinokan regions of Sistan and Baluchistan province were used for diversity analysis. To this end, DNA was extracted from leaves using Delaporta method and DNA quality and quantity were determined using spectrophotometer and 1% gel electrophoresis. PCR was performed using specific rbcL primers under determined conditions and the amplicons were sequenced. To study the relationships and genetic distances between genotypes, the results of sequencing were analyzed and dendrogram of phylogenetic relationships as well as sequence similarity matrix were generated using Bioedit, and MEGA7 software. The results of the present study showed that there were a total of 553 different residues for this marker of which 505 residues contained deletion and addition, and 48 residues were without deletion and addition. The genetic distance ranged from 0.0 to 0.037 and the highest intra-regional diversity was related to cultivar Jm13_sabzoo. Based on the dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis, the studied cultivars were divided into two branches, in which the first branch contained cultivar Sabzoo from Jalgh region and the other cultivars were grouped in different sub-branches of second branch. Although the rbcL marker is useful for studying and recognizing diversity of intraspecific relationships, a low genetic distance was estimated for the studied date palm genotypes. However, it is suggested that the other DNA barcodes as well the other appropriate molecular markers could be used for future studies of date palm genetic diversity.
Esmaeil Dasturani, Khalil Zaynali Nezhad, Masood Soltani Najafabadi, Mohammadhadi Pahlevani, Hassan Soltanlo, Saeed Bagherikia,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2021)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the haplotype groups and identify the specific alleles associated with desirable agronomic characteristics in bread wheat. For this purpose, 42 local bread wheat genotypes belong to Iran region and nine commercial cultivars along with Chinese Spring variety (reference genotype) were cultivated in the format of augmented design and evaluated based on their 13 phenotypic traits. The results of descriptive statistics showed that awn length and day to flowering had the highest and lowest phenotypic coefficient of variation, respectively. Eight microsatellite markers were used to investigate the haplotype variation of QTLs associated with phenotypic traits located on wheat chromosomes 4B and 7D. The result showed that the genotypes were classified into 13 and 6 haplotype groups according to the allelic comparison with the reference genotype on chromosome 4B and 7D, respectively. In order to investigate the relationship between traits and markers, analysis of variance was performed based on completely randomized design with unequal numbers of replications for each marker. In general, of the 13 traits studied, there was a statistically significant linkage for eight traits and for the three traits, an allele-specific was introduced simultaneously. If the breeders are interested in genotype selection that simultaneously have three desirable characteristics such as early anthesis, semi-dwarfing and a greater number of grains per spike, they can use an allele-specific (153 bp) of Xgwm149-4B marker.
Mahmood Aslanparviz, Varahram Rashidi, Mansour Omidi, Alireza Etminan, Alireza Ahmadzadeh,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Evaluation of genetic diversity is the key principal for plant breeding, providing an opportunity to discover novel characters and alleles for breeders. In the present study, 69 durum wheat genotypes were investigated for genetic diversity using several inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Sixteen ISSR primers amplified a total of 163 fragments, which out 160 fragments were polymorphic. The mean values of polymorphic information content (PIC), resolving power (Rp) and marker index (MI) indicated that the used ISSR primers could be exploited for further assessing relationships among investigated genotypes and population structure analysis. The results of the molecular analysis of variance showed that the genetic variation within populations is more than between them. Based on genetic variation parameters, the highest number of observed alleles (Na), Shannon’s information index (I) and the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) were found in Iranian landraces. Cluster analysis and population structure grouped all investigated genotypes into three main clusters and six subpopulations, respectively. In conclusion, our results revealed the high rate of genetic diversity within Iranian landraces, so this germplasm can be used as a valuable gene source for the selection of parent lines and use of them in durum wheat breeding programs.
Soheila Afkar, Faranak Hadi, Ali Ashraf Jafari,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Festuca is one of the largest genera of the grass family, which has more than 600 species with different ploidy levels. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity within 22 populations of three species of Festuca (Festuca arundinacea, F.rubra and F.ovina) using a seed storage protein electrophoresis pattern. These species showed a significant variation in the number of protein bands from 5-13. The highest number of bands was found in G17 (F.rubra) and the lowest number of protein bands was in G5 (F.ovina). Band number 14 was only observed in G3. It is suggested that this band can be considered as a specific band for the identification of this genotype. According to the results of AMOVA analysis, there is a high level of genetic diversity within the species rather than between species that can be due to the out-crossing nature of this genus. According to observed differences for variation parameters among the three studied species, it is concluded that they have dissimilar genetic structures. The results of cluster analysis based on seed storage protein profiles in evaluated genotypes using Euclidean distance matrix and UPGMA method showed four groups. The lowest similarity coefficient was between G14 and G15 (F.arundinacea) with G6 (F.ovina). Hence, it is suggested that they evolved from a different evolutionary process and it is suggested to use them as the parents of new synthetic varieties. The observed diversity in the seed protein pattern in the three species of Festuca, can be explained by allogamy-induced-heterozygosity, species difference or population collection from various regions.
Alireza Asghari Mirak, Seyed Siamak Alaviakia, Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Henbane has a high medicinal value due to the presence of hyoscyamine and scopolamine alkaloids. Improving the quality and quantity of henbane alkaloids using modern breeding methods requires evaluating the genetic diversity. The genetic diversity of henbane has been investigated using morphological, biochemical and molecular markers in several studies and the superiority of molecular markers over other markers has been proven. To this end, in 2018, the genetic diversity of 96 henbane genotypes collected from the habitats of northwest Iran was investigated using IRAP and REMAP molecular markers. For IRAP markers, out of 36 possible combinations obtained from eight LTR primers, seven combinations had a fine and scalable amplification. In the REMAP technique, the combination of 11 ISSR primers with eight LTR primers was used, and 12 combinations could be scored out of 88 possible combinations. The average amount of polymorphic information for IRAP and REMAP markers was 0.30 and 0.32, respectively, and the average marker index for these two markers was estimated as 2.59 and 2.47. Based on these criteria, REMAP marker was more efficient than IRAP in estimating the genetic diversity of henbane. In the analysis of molecular variance using IRAP and REMAP markers, intra-population variability was estimated to be higher than inter-population, which indicates the high diversity of these populations in northwestern Iran. Cluster analysis based on IRAP marker failed to separate species and populations, but REMAP marker was able to separate H. pusillus and H. reticulatus species to a high degree. A high shannon index in this research suggests that IRAP and REMAP retrotransposon markers resulted in a high genetic diversity within henbane populations with a high insertion in the genome of henbane populations.
Razieh Ghorbani, Raheleh Ghasemzadeh, Hadi Alipour,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
In order to identify loci controlling seedling morpho-physiologic characteristics in 88 bread wheat cultivars, a greenhouse experiment based on simple alpha lattice was conducted under both normal and 120 mM (12 ds/m) salt stress condition of the Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University in 2020-2021 cropping season. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content, proline, plant fresh and dry weight, plant height and leaf relative water content (RWC), Na+, K+ and K+/Na+ concentrations were measured. After genotyping by sequencing with Ion Torrent technology and removal of SNPs with more than 20% of missing data and minor allele frequency less than 5%, a total of 5869 SNP markers were identified. Based on association mapping with the mixed linear model (MLM) method, a total of 25 marker-trait associations were detected under normal conditions. The A and D genomes had the highest and lowest number of significant marker-trait associations (MTAs). Among the studied traits under normal conditions, chlorophyll a had the highest number of MTAs on 1A, 3B, 3D, 5B, 7A chromosomes with eight MTAs. A total of 21 MTAs were identified under salt stress conditions which the genome B and D had the highest and lowest number of MTAs, respectively. Five MTAs were identified for plant fresh weight, which were located on chromosomes 4A and 6B. The results of this study provide valuable information about the loci associated with the studied traits, which can be used in marker assisted selection in wheat breeding programs after confirmation in biparental populations and additional experiments.
Halime Arbabi, Mojtaba Keykhasaber, Leila Fahmideh, Valiollah Ghasemi Omran,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Luffa (Luffa cylindrica) is a plant from the Cucurbitaceae family that grows mostly in tropical and subtropical regions, as well as in most regions of Iran. In this research, the genetic diversity of nine native and non-native genotypes of L. cylindrica was investigated through the evaluation of the chloroplast trnH-psbA intergenic region (IGS). After sampling the young leaves, DNA extraction was performed by using the Dellaporta method, and PCR was conducted by using IGS intergenic region primers. After sequencing of the amplified products, their quality was determined using Chromas software and then aligned using ClustalW method by BioEdit and MEGA7 softwares. Next, the dendrogram of phylogenic relationships was drawn and the matrix of the difference and similarity of the sequences were determined. In the present research, by analyzing the relationships between studied samples, based on the trnH-psbA (IGS) marker, a strong intraspecies variation was observed in native and non-native L. cylindrical genotypes. The genetic distance matrix between the samples examined in this research ranged from 0 to 6.865 with an overall average distance of 2.53. The average value of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) for the IGS sequence was ds/dn = 0.68, which indicates positive and pure line selections in the process of natural selection of studied genotypes. The results of this research showed that trnH-psbA is a suitable marker for evaluation of the intraspecific diversity of luffa species.
Hossein Abdi, Hadi Alipour, Iraj Bernousi, Jafar Jafarzadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
Evaluating the population structure is essential for understanding diversity patterns, choosing proper parents for crossing, accurate identification of genomic regions controlling traits, and evolutionary and kinship relationship studies. In this research, the genetic structure of a wheat population was studied in a panel consisting of 383 Iranian wheat genotypes of hexaploid (cultivars and landraces) and tetraploid species based on distance-based methods (principal component analysis and discriminant analysis of principal component). For this purpose, 16270 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained by the GBS technique were used. According to the results, almost a quarter of the total variance was belonged to the diversity between populations, and the Fst coefficient between cultivars and landraces was equal to 0.15. In contrast, the above coefficient between tetraploid samples and hexaploid landraces was high and equal to 0.44. Genome D had the lowest value of Fst index and chromosome 4B showed the highest Fst coefficient, and other genetic diversity indices. Although the PCA biplot distinguished hexaploid wheat cultivars from landraces, it was unable to distinctly separate tetraploid genotypes from other genotypes. Accurate evaluation of the population structure with the DAPC method was able to identify and separate the predetermined successfully groups, suggesting that the DAPC approach maximizes the differentiation between groups and minimizes the changes within the group. Partial admixture between cultivars and landraces of hexaploid wheat can be related to gene exchange between these two groups or perhaps their wrong labeling at the time of collection. In general, the results of this study provided valuable information about the genetic differentiation of Iranian tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, which can be used in future wheat breeding programs. Further, protecting these genotypes in gene banks is necessary for different strategies.
Maryam Ghorbani, Kianoosh Cheghamirza, Saeed Abbasi, Zahra Aziziaram,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
The current research was carried out to evaluate genetic diversity of 18 common bean cultivars and promising lines and to determine SSR and SCoT informative markers associated with 14 seed characteristics including the number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, seed length, seed width, the contents of crude protein, total soluble sugar, starch content, crude fat, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, uronic acid, and mineral ash. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied from 0.2 to 0.5 with an average of 0.39 for the SSR markers and from 0.19 to 0.42 with an average of 0.34 for the SCoT markers. The total average resolving power of SSR and SCoT markers were 1.54 and 5.34, respectively, indicating higher efficiency of SCoT markers than SSR markers for the diversity analysis. The common bean studied genotypes were clustered into three distinct groups for both markers based on the Complete Linkage method. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) for the SSR markers revealed that the first two principal components justified 59.05% of whole variation. For the SCoT marker, on the other hand, the fraction of variances explained by the first two principal components was equal to 25.43 indicating a better distribution of SCoT markers than SSR markers in the common bean genome. Analysis of molecular variance based on the grouping obtained from cluster analysis showed that the diversity within the group based on SSR and SCoT markers was equal to 89 and 78%, respectively. The results of regression analysis for the studied markers and the bean seed characteristics showed the existence of a significant relationships between a single marker with the several studied traits. This could indicate the association or linkage of the marker locations. Twelve out of 14 of the investigated common bean seed characteristics showed a significant relationship with at least one molecular marker.
Ramezanali Pourali, Mohammadhadi Pahlevani, Khalil Zeinalnejad,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Increasing grain yield and improving the quality of bread are among the most important goals of wheat breeding programs in Iran. Understanding the genetic control of traits and finding molecular or morphological markers associated with them are also prerequisites for any genetic engineering program. In this study, 100 progenies of a 10 × 10 diallel cross were used to analyse the genetics of grain yield and bakery values using STS markers associated with HMWG subunits. This research was carried out during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources experimental fields. In the first year, 10 wheat cultivars, including Gonbad, Morvarid, Kalate, Ehsan, Sirvan, Baharan, Chamran2, Shush, Mehrgan and Brat collected from different geographical regions of Iran were planted and crossed in the field. In the second year, the parents and crosses were planted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The grain yield, number of spikes per plant, number of seeds per spike, seed weight, days to emergence and plant height were recorded. The results of this study indicated significant genetic differences between the parents. Narrow-sense heritability analysis revealed that the crossing of cultivars is the best breeding method to enhance seed yield, number of spikes per plant and days to emergence. Also, to improve the number of seeds per spike, seed weight and plant height, classical breeding methods may offer higher efficiency. Marvarid and Gonbad were ranked 1st and 2nd, respectively with respect to general combining abilities for grain yield, attributed to their positive and significant general combining ability effects. The highest specific combining ability was observed for Ehsan×Gonbad, Marvarid×Chamran 2 and Shush×Sirvan crosses. The results of molecular markers analysis showed that the STS markers were able to identify the difference in the baking value of cultivars. The quality score of the cultivars ranged 6 and 10 and to this end, Kalate and Brat were the top cultivars. Therefore, due to superiority in terms of both quantity and quality for yield, these cultivars can be used as parents with desirable genes for future breeding programs. Overall, the STS markers employed in this study proved to be valuable markers for enhancing the genetic background of bread wheat, particularly when employing marker-assisted selection for bakery value.
Nasrin Akbari, Siamak Alavi Kia, Mostafa Valizadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Due to world population incline and the increasing wheat consumption as human main staple food, as well as high amount of waste of bread which is mainly due to its low quality, the wheat breeding programs to improve bread quality are of great importance. Therefore, evaluating the wheat grains quality and the genetic variation of bread-making quality traits among lines derived from crosses becomes imperative. To this end, the gliadin protein banding pattern of 28 recombinant inbred lines, their corresponding parents and 10 other commercial cultivars were examined via A-PAGE method. The variation between and within the lines and cultivars was determined using AMOVA according to the protein bands. The results of this study revealed high variation for gliadins coding loci with total mean of 73.96%. The percentage of polymorphism was estimated to be 91.67 and 56.25 for lines and commercial cultivars, respectively. The minimum and maximum number of gliadin bands were 12 and 25 bands, respectively. Also, based on PhiPT statistics, the significant difference was observed (P<0.05) between commercial cultivars and recombinant inbred lines in terms of gliadin banding patterns. Cluster analysis and PCoA via banding pattern of gliadins led to formation of three and four distinct groups, respectively. The highest variation was observed in ω-gliadins, suggesting that they may have a role in observed variation among genotypes and their bread making-quality traits.
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