|
|
|
 |
Search published articles |
 |
|
Sahar Dashchi, Hassan Rahnama, Kianoosh Cheghamirza, Katayun Zamani,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
In oilseed crops, a number of genes involved in the production of triacylglycerol have been identified that changes in their expression have increase the seed oil content. WRI1 and LPAAT are key genes in this synthetic pathway that their overexpression can increase the oil content. In this study, the expression vectors carrying WRI1 and LPAAT genes were designed and constructed for genetic transformation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum) plants. The synthetic WRI1 and LPAAT genes were isolated from the PGH.WRI1 and PGH.LPAAT cloning vector using specific restriction enzymes and then cloned in the PGH.O3.2.2 intermediate vector under the control of SBP and Napin promoters and E9 terminator. Finally, the genetic cassettes were transferred to the plant transformation pBin19 binary vector. The resulting constructs were transferred to Agrobacterium tumefacience strain EHA105 and were used for genetic transformation of tobacco plants. Molecular analysis of transgenic plants confirmed the presence and activity of WRI1 and LPAAT genes. Seeds from transgenic plants were selected on the medium containing kanamycin and developed strong and healthy seedlings.
Razieh Azizian Mosleh, Mohammad Reza Abdollahi, Hassan Sarikhani, Asghar Mirzaie-Asl, Payam Pour Mohammadi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Optimization of in vitro methods for the production of maize double haploids plays an important role in the breeding programs of this plant. In this study, the effects of 5-azacytidine on agronomic traits, androgenesis induction efficiency and also, DNA methyltransferase gene expression (AF229183.1) in two growth stages of maize were investigated. This experiment was performed as factorial based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. Two maize genotypes (DH5 × DH7 and ETMH-82) were considered as the first factor and treatment of maize seeds with 5-azacytidine (0, 5, 10, and 100 μM) was considered as the second factor. The maize seeds were sowed in the field and during the growth stages, various morphological and agronomic traits were recorded. In the anther culture experiment, the suitable anthers containing microspores at mid to late-uninucleate stages were selected and cultured in an YPm culture medium containing 1 mg/l 2, 4-D, and 2 mg/l BAP. Interaction effects of genotype and 5-azacytidine concentrations showed significant differences for the majority of studied traits except for number of kernel per ear row, kernel depth, plant diameter, number of leaves and number of ears. The highest amounts of 1000-kernel weight were obtained with treatments of 10 and 100 μM and the highest ones for grain yield and biological yield traits were obtained with 100 μM 5-azacytidine treatment for both genotypes. Seeds of DH5 × DH7 genotype treated with 5 μM 5-azacYtidine produced the highest mean number of embryo-like structures (0.1833) and regenerated plantlets (0.067) per each anther. Relative expression of DNA methyltransferase gene in maize seeds treated with different concentrations of 5-azacytidine showed a significant decrease in both genotypes and both growth stages compared to control plants (treated with 0 μM 5-azacytidine), that this decrease in gene expression could lead to improved androgenesis induction in anther culture of DH5 × DH7 genotype. However, despite the decrease in expression of this gene in two growth stages of ETMH-82 genotype, androgenesis induction was not observed in this genotype. The results of the present study can help to determine the role of epigenetic factors in androgenesis induction and improving the production of haploid plants in maize.
Ghasem Eghlima, Azizollah Kheiry, Mohsen Sanikhani, Javad Hadian, Mitra Aelaie,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2021)
Abstract
Twenty-two G. glabra populations were used to study the genetic diversity of ISSR molecular markers. 12 primers were used to amplification of genomic DNA fragments of G. glabra populations. High genetic diversity based on ISSR markers was observed among individuals. A total of 130 bands were formed and 105 bands were polymorphic. The mean polymorphism percentage among studied populations was 80.47. The highest polymorphic percentages were assigned to IS23, IS21, IS9, IS13 and IS15 primers. The mean of PIC and MI were 0.347 and 2.47, respectively. The Shannon index (I) varied between 0.207-0.393 and the Nei genetic variation index (h) from 0.140 to 0.026. Darab and Solataniyeh populations showed the lowest and highest genetic diversity, respectively. The percentage of polymorphic loci was varied between 35.224 to 65.71%. The observe allele number and effective alleles number was 1.46 and 1.34, respectively. Based on the genetic distance Nei, populations Bardsir and Baft had the highest genetic similarity (0.888) and populations Bardsir and Solataniyeh had the least genetic similarity (0.132). The studied populations were grouped into three main groups by cluster analysis using UPGAM and Jaccard's similarity coefficient. The results showed that the ISSR marker is a reliable marker system for revealing a high level of polymorphism and can be used to study genetic diversity and further examinations as a subset of breeding programs in G. glabra.
Saeid Navabpour, Ahad Yamchi, Sasan Golcheshmeh,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2021)
Abstract
The present study was performed to classify and study genetic diversity between Calotropis procera accessions from different regions of Kerman province (Iran) using ISSR markers. In total, DNA from 14 plant samples with nine ISSR primers was amplified by PCR and their banding pattern was obtained. The primers showed acceptable polymorphism (35.93) and minimum and maximum polymorphic information content (PIC) of primers in this study were 0.11 for ISSR9 primer and 0.41 for ISSR3 and ISSR8 primers, respectively. Genetic similarity based on Nei index was varied from 0.405 to 0.745 and the lowest genetic similarity was found between J3 (Related to Jiroft) and D2 (Related to Dosari) and the highest genetic similarity was found between J1 and J2 (both of them for Jiroft). By using UPGMA cluster analysis, samples divided into four groups, and the second and third groups contained more accessions. In terms of genetic similarity, two accessions of Jiroft 1 (J1) and Jiroft 2 (J2) which classified in the same cluster were closer. Also, the accessions collected from Anbarabad were at a longer genetic distance than other accessions. Principal coordinate analysis also showed that the first and second components justify 67 percent of obtained genetic diversity. In general, ISSR markers were useful for classifying Calotropis procera accessions and according to the obtained information about existence of genetic diversity between Calotropis procera accessions of Kerman province, this diversity could be useful in the future for breeding and production of Calotropis procera.
Fatemeh Raeisi, Leila Fahmideh, Barat Ali Fakheri, Mojtaba Kikhasaber,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2021)
Abstract
Due to the importance of date palm production in Iran, introduction of new cultivars, improvement of current cultivars and studying the genetic diversity among available cultivars is essential for improvement the quantity and quality of date palm production. In this research, 15 different local genotypes of date palm collected from Saravan, Jalgh, Nahook and Sinokan regions of Sistan and Baluchistan province were used for diversity analysis. To this end, DNA was extracted from leaves using Delaporta method and DNA quality and quantity were determined using spectrophotometer and 1% gel electrophoresis. PCR was performed using specific rbcL primers under determined conditions and the amplicons were sequenced. To study the relationships and genetic distances between genotypes, the results of sequencing were analyzed and dendrogram of phylogenetic relationships as well as sequence similarity matrix were generated using Bioedit, and MEGA7 software. The results of the present study showed that there were a total of 553 different residues for this marker of which 505 residues contained deletion and addition, and 48 residues were without deletion and addition. The genetic distance ranged from 0.0 to 0.037 and the highest intra-regional diversity was related to cultivar Jm13_sabzoo. Based on the dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis, the studied cultivars were divided into two branches, in which the first branch contained cultivar Sabzoo from Jalgh region and the other cultivars were grouped in different sub-branches of second branch. Although the rbcL marker is useful for studying and recognizing diversity of intraspecific relationships, a low genetic distance was estimated for the studied date palm genotypes. However, it is suggested that the other DNA barcodes as well the other appropriate molecular markers could be used for future studies of date palm genetic diversity.
Esmaeil Dasturani, Khalil Zaynali Nezhad, Masood Soltani Najafabadi, Mohammadhadi Pahlevani, Hassan Soltanlo, Saeed Bagherikia,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2021)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the haplotype groups and identify the specific alleles associated with desirable agronomic characteristics in bread wheat. For this purpose, 42 local bread wheat genotypes belong to Iran region and nine commercial cultivars along with Chinese Spring variety (reference genotype) were cultivated in the format of augmented design and evaluated based on their 13 phenotypic traits. The results of descriptive statistics showed that awn length and day to flowering had the highest and lowest phenotypic coefficient of variation, respectively. Eight microsatellite markers were used to investigate the haplotype variation of QTLs associated with phenotypic traits located on wheat chromosomes 4B and 7D. The result showed that the genotypes were classified into 13 and 6 haplotype groups according to the allelic comparison with the reference genotype on chromosome 4B and 7D, respectively. In order to investigate the relationship between traits and markers, analysis of variance was performed based on completely randomized design with unequal numbers of replications for each marker. In general, of the 13 traits studied, there was a statistically significant linkage for eight traits and for the three traits, an allele-specific was introduced simultaneously. If the breeders are interested in genotype selection that simultaneously have three desirable characteristics such as early anthesis, semi-dwarfing and a greater number of grains per spike, they can use an allele-specific (153 bp) of Xgwm149-4B marker.
Soheila Afkar, Faranak Hadi, Ali Ashraf Jafari,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Festuca is one of the largest genera of the grass family, which has more than 600 species with different ploidy levels. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity within 22 populations of three species of Festuca (Festuca arundinacea, F.rubra and F.ovina) using a seed storage protein electrophoresis pattern. These species showed a significant variation in the number of protein bands from 5-13. The highest number of bands was found in G17 (F.rubra) and the lowest number of protein bands was in G5 (F.ovina). Band number 14 was only observed in G3. It is suggested that this band can be considered as a specific band for the identification of this genotype. According to the results of AMOVA analysis, there is a high level of genetic diversity within the species rather than between species that can be due to the out-crossing nature of this genus. According to observed differences for variation parameters among the three studied species, it is concluded that they have dissimilar genetic structures. The results of cluster analysis based on seed storage protein profiles in evaluated genotypes using Euclidean distance matrix and UPGMA method showed four groups. The lowest similarity coefficient was between G14 and G15 (F.arundinacea) with G6 (F.ovina). Hence, it is suggested that they evolved from a different evolutionary process and it is suggested to use them as the parents of new synthetic varieties. The observed diversity in the seed protein pattern in the three species of Festuca, can be explained by allogamy-induced-heterozygosity, species difference or population collection from various regions.
Shahla Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Rahgozar, Hedieh Badakhshan,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Genus Allium L. contains very taxonomically complex sections, especially the subgenus Melanocrommyum. The systematic position of the species in each section has been revised many times over time. In the present study, the relationship between 32 ecotypes belonging to 10 different species of Allium was investigated using ISSR markers. The nine primers used produced 166 polymorphic bands (average 18 bands per primer). Among the primers used, ISSR873 primer with 27 bands made the most, and ISSR4 primer with two bands had the lowest polymorphic bands. The PIC of the markers ranged from 0.04 to 0.43. Cluster analysis by UPGMA method based on molecular markers divided the studied ecotypes into four groups. The clustering and principal coordinate analysis results showed that most morphologically similar species were grouped in closed clusters. According to Dice similarity coefficient, the highest percentage of similarity was shown between Allium stipitatum and Allium saralicum ecotypes (72 percent) from the Melanocrommyum subgenus, and the lowest similarity was obtained between Allium tripedale and Allium iranicum ecotypes (12 percent). The ecotypes with the lowest similarity percentage belong to the subgenus Allium and Nectaroscordum, which are placed in separate clusters. Based on the results, the ecotypes of Pseudoprason, Melanocrommyum, and Procerallium sections showed the highest affinity. In general, it can be concluded that ISSR markers are useful for classifying Allium species and have sufficient potential for phylogenetic studies of species. In addition, due to significant genetic diversity among the studied ecotypes of wild Allium species, this diversity can be used in future breeding programs of crop.
Mahmood Aslanparviz, Varahram Rashidi, Mansour Omidi, Alireza Etminan, Alireza Ahmadzadeh,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Evaluation of genetic diversity is the key principal for plant breeding, providing an opportunity to discover novel characters and alleles for breeders. In the present study, 69 durum wheat genotypes were investigated for genetic diversity using several inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Sixteen ISSR primers amplified a total of 163 fragments, which out 160 fragments were polymorphic. The mean values of polymorphic information content (PIC), resolving power (Rp) and marker index (MI) indicated that the used ISSR primers could be exploited for further assessing relationships among investigated genotypes and population structure analysis. The results of the molecular analysis of variance showed that the genetic variation within populations is more than between them. Based on genetic variation parameters, the highest number of observed alleles (Na), Shannon’s information index (I) and the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) were found in Iranian landraces. Cluster analysis and population structure grouped all investigated genotypes into three main clusters and six subpopulations, respectively. In conclusion, our results revealed the high rate of genetic diversity within Iranian landraces, so this germplasm can be used as a valuable gene source for the selection of parent lines and use of them in durum wheat breeding programs.
Abdul Karim Tahmasebi, Reza Darvishzadeh, Amir Fayaz Moghaddam, Esmaeil Gholinezhad, Hossein Abdi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
The selection of genotypes based on multiple traits is a fundamental issue and an important part of the process of plant breeding. In the present study, the efficiency of selection indices based on phenological, morphological and physiological traits was studied to improve sesame grain yield. The evaluation of 25 sesame populations was realized in a completely randomized design with 10 replications under Urmia conditions in 2017.The results showed that phenotypic and genotypic correlations between grain yield and No. of capsules per plant, No. of grains per capsule, No. of branches, leaf temperature, leaf index and biological weight were positive and significant. By regression and path analysis, the No. of capsules and No. of branches were identified as the variables of the first-order cause and biological weight, harvest index, leaf index, plant height and chlorophyll as the second-order cause variables, among which only plant height had a direct negative effect. In order to obtain selection indices, two optimal and basic methods and ten different vectors of economic values of traits were used. The vectors were based on the analysis of correlation, regression, path and broad sense heritability. The third and fourth indices, in which the first-order cause entered the model, showed high relative efficiency and in terms of these two indices, and the sesame populations with code number of 12, 17, 18 and 19 populations were identified as the most desirable populations. Finally, it is suggested that the efficiency of these selection indices be evaluated in the field
Reza Mir Derikvand, Seyede Sajad Sohrabi, Seyyed Mohsen Sohrabi, Kamran Samiei,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Rizan Elyasi, Mohammad Majdi, Abdolbaset Azizi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is a medicinal plant of the Ranunculacea family which raised attention due to its pharmaceutical properties. Medical significance of N. sativa mainly attributed to its oxygenated monoterpenes which are biosynthesized via the methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway located in plastids. In this study, the essential oil components of leaves, flowers, and developmental stages of seed including half black seeds, soft black seeds, and hard black seeds were analyzed in N. sativa. Whereas no terpene was detected in flowers and leaves, seeds were found to be the major site of biosynthesis and accumulation of terpenes, and the amount of terpene compounds changed during seed maturation. The essential oil consists of monoterpenes (more than 99%) and sesquiterpenes (less than 1%). In order to improve our understanding of monoterpene metabolism, the partial sequence of a hypothetical monoterpene synthase (NsTPS2) was isolated from N. sativa plant using RACE-PCR technique. This monoterpene synthase was identified from RNA sequencing data from soft black seeds. Except of the highly conserved DDXXD motif in NsTPS2 which is necessary to validate monoterpene synthases, no other conserved regions of other identified monoterpene synthases were observed. Dendrogram analysis revealed that NsTPS2 had the highest homology with a terpene synthase (72.89%) from Aconitum carmichaelii and these two sequences were grouped in the same group. Nigella sativa and Aconitum carmichaelii both belong to the Ranunculacea family. This indicates that the genetic information of plants of the Ranunculacea family can be used to isolate different monoterpene synthase. The results of this research can be useful in genetic manipulation and metabolic engineering of Nigella sativa.
Mitra Khademi, Marzih Varasteh-Shams, Farhad Nazarian-Firouzabadi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Hairy and adventitious roots are efficient systems for expressing recombinant proteins. In the present study, the amount of DrsB1-CBDAvr4 recombinant protein in hairy and adventitious root systems was compared. To this end, the effect of different factors on the optimization of culture conditions to obtain adventitious and hairy roots was evaluated in three separate experiments by assessment of biomass production in T1 transgenic plants expressing DrsB1-CBDAvr4 recombinant protein. The efficacy of Agrobacterium rhizogenesis in producing hairy roots was ensured using rolC gene specific primers. The insertion of DrsB1-CBDAvr4 recombinant peptide transgene in the genome of hairy and adventitious roots was confirmed by PCR analysis. Also, the level of DrsB1-CBDAvr4 protein was measured in hairy and adventitious roots by ELISA analysis. Analysis of the variance of data showed that the highest number of roots and the longest roots were obtained in MS media supplemented with 1 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L IBA. The results of adventitious root biomass showed that liquid MS medium containing 1 mg/L of NAA hormone had a significant effect (P <0.01) on biomass production. More biomass was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 1mg/L NAA, whereas a lower fresh and dry weight was obtained in a 1/4 MS medium with no NAA. The results also showed that ATCC15834 strain with MS media supplemented with 3% sucrose, 10 minutes inoculation time was high efficiency to induce hairy roots in tobacco plants. The results of ELISA analysis showed that clones obtained from both roots showed a significant difference in terms of total protein content. The amount of recombinant protein from hairy roots was much higher than that of adventitious roots.
Razieh Ghorbani, Raheleh Ghasemzadeh, Hadi Alipour,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
In order to identify loci controlling seedling morpho-physiologic characteristics in 88 bread wheat cultivars, a greenhouse experiment based on simple alpha lattice was conducted under both normal and 120 mM (12 ds/m) salt stress condition of the Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University in 2020-2021 cropping season. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content, proline, plant fresh and dry weight, plant height and leaf relative water content (RWC), Na+, K+ and K+/Na+ concentrations were measured. After genotyping by sequencing with Ion Torrent technology and removal of SNPs with more than 20% of missing data and minor allele frequency less than 5%, a total of 5869 SNP markers were identified. Based on association mapping with the mixed linear model (MLM) method, a total of 25 marker-trait associations were detected under normal conditions. The A and D genomes had the highest and lowest number of significant marker-trait associations (MTAs). Among the studied traits under normal conditions, chlorophyll a had the highest number of MTAs on 1A, 3B, 3D, 5B, 7A chromosomes with eight MTAs. A total of 21 MTAs were identified under salt stress conditions which the genome B and D had the highest and lowest number of MTAs, respectively. Five MTAs were identified for plant fresh weight, which were located on chromosomes 4A and 6B. The results of this study provide valuable information about the loci associated with the studied traits, which can be used in marker assisted selection in wheat breeding programs after confirmation in biparental populations and additional experiments.
Halime Arbabi, Mojtaba Keykhasaber, Leila Fahmideh, Valiollah Ghasemi Omran,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Luffa (Luffa cylindrica) is a plant from the Cucurbitaceae family that grows mostly in tropical and subtropical regions, as well as in most regions of Iran. In this research, the genetic diversity of nine native and non-native genotypes of L. cylindrica was investigated through the evaluation of the chloroplast trnH-psbA intergenic region (IGS). After sampling the young leaves, DNA extraction was performed by using the Dellaporta method, and PCR was conducted by using IGS intergenic region primers. After sequencing of the amplified products, their quality was determined using Chromas software and then aligned using ClustalW method by BioEdit and MEGA7 softwares. Next, the dendrogram of phylogenic relationships was drawn and the matrix of the difference and similarity of the sequences were determined. In the present research, by analyzing the relationships between studied samples, based on the trnH-psbA (IGS) marker, a strong intraspecies variation was observed in native and non-native L. cylindrical genotypes. The genetic distance matrix between the samples examined in this research ranged from 0 to 6.865 with an overall average distance of 2.53. The average value of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) for the IGS sequence was ds/dn = 0.68, which indicates positive and pure line selections in the process of natural selection of studied genotypes. The results of this research showed that trnH-psbA is a suitable marker for evaluation of the intraspecific diversity of luffa species.
Saeid Navabpour, Horeyeh Najafi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Environmental stress is one of the main factors that reduce the growth and performance of crops and threatening human food security. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of drought stress on the changes in biochemical traits and the level of expression of a MYB transcription factor gene in two wheat cultivars (Tajan and Zagros), under drought stress. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Drought treatments were applied at three levels of 40, 70 and 100% of field capacity 4 weeks after germination. Twenty days after the application of stress, leaves and roots were sampled in order to investigate the expression of MYB genes and measuring some biochemical traits. The results of examining the chlorophyll content under stress showed that the content of chlorophyll a and b decreased with increasing of stress intensity in different genotypes. The rate of reduction of chlorophyll a and b in Tajan genotype under severe stress was higher than Zagros genotype. Also, TBARM content under severe drought stress was significantly higher than moderate stress condition and this increase was seen in Tajen genotype more than Zagros genotype. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the MYB genes showed an increase in expression under drought stress. Furthermore, Zagros genotype, which is considered as a tolerant cultivar to drought stress, had a higher MYB expression level than Tajan cultivar for both genes, suggesting this cultivar for future breeding programs, also considering the importance MYB family genes during drought stress, the results can be used in molecular breeding and pyramiding breeding projects.
Khadijeh Abbaszadeh, Reza Shirzadian-Khorramabad, Mohammad Mahdi Sohani, Zahra Hajiahmadi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Salinity stress affects morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of plants. The transgenic Bt plants play a significant role in pest control, but their response and ability to cope with environmental stresses still need to be evaluated. Therefore, effect of salinity stress at 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM on morphological, physiological, and molecular traits of T3 transgenic tomato plants containing cry1Ab gene (CH-Falat-Bt) was investigated and compared with that of the non-transgenic control (CH-Falat). Evaluation of the morphological traits (leaf area, root length, fresh and dry weight of roots) at different salinity levels revealed that CH-Falat-Bt transgenic plants are more tolerant to salinity stress compared to CH-Falat non-transgenic plants. The chlorophyll content at 150 and 200 mM salinity levels was 12 and 9% plants, respectively. Moreover, the amount of RWC, carotenoids, proline and soluble sugars increased significantly in transgenic plants as salinity levels increased. The relative expression of SOS1 and SOS2 genes showed a significant increase in all salinity levels in CH-Falat-Bt transgenic plants compared to CH-Falat non-transgenic plants. The amount of electrolyte leakage in the transgenic plants was significantly reduced compared to the non-transgenic plants. The results of morphological, physiological, and molecular investigations of CH-Falat-Bt transgenic plants confirmed that the undesirable effects of salinity stress on transgenic plants is much less than non-transgenic ones. in general CH-Falat-Bt transgenic plants are more tolerant to different applied salinity levels than the wild variety.
Seyyed Mohsen Sohrabi, Seyed Karim Mousavi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. After bean and pea, chickpea is the most important cold season legume. Weeds are one of the most important threats to chickpea production worldwide. Due to the sensitivity of chickpea to herbicides, the majority of herbicides are used pre-emergence and the use of post-emergence herbicides is limited, and therefore weeds cause a significant decrease in chickpea yield. Therefore, herbicide-tolerant chickpea cultivars that have a higher flexibility for post-emergence herbicide application are needed to improve the chickpea yield. In this study, using seed bioassay and PCR method, resistance mechanism of Iranian chickpea cultivars to Pursuit herbicide was investigated. The results showed a significant genotypic and phenotypic variation among Iranian chickpea cultivars for tolerance to the Pursuit herbicide. The results did not show a difference between the target genes of Pursuit herbicide, ALS1 and ALS2, in all investigated cultivars with that of the reference sequences in the GenBank. This proves that the resistance observed in different chickpea cultivars to the herbicide Pursuit is not associated with the target site resistance mechanism and probably follows a non-target resistance mechanism. The superior genotypes of this study (Bivanij, Aksou, Mansour, TDS-Maragheh90-400 and TDS-Maragheh90-358) can be recommended to farmers and also suggested as parents to produce natural herbicide resistant chickpea plants in breeding programs.
Hossein Abdi, Hadi Alipour, Iraj Bernousi, Jafar Jafarzadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
Evaluating the population structure is essential for understanding diversity patterns, choosing proper parents for crossing, accurate identification of genomic regions controlling traits, and evolutionary and kinship relationship studies. In this research, the genetic structure of a wheat population was studied in a panel consisting of 383 Iranian wheat genotypes of hexaploid (cultivars and landraces) and tetraploid species based on distance-based methods (principal component analysis and discriminant analysis of principal component). For this purpose, 16270 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained by the GBS technique were used. According to the results, almost a quarter of the total variance was belonged to the diversity between populations, and the Fst coefficient between cultivars and landraces was equal to 0.15. In contrast, the above coefficient between tetraploid samples and hexaploid landraces was high and equal to 0.44. Genome D had the lowest value of Fst index and chromosome 4B showed the highest Fst coefficient, and other genetic diversity indices. Although the PCA biplot distinguished hexaploid wheat cultivars from landraces, it was unable to distinctly separate tetraploid genotypes from other genotypes. Accurate evaluation of the population structure with the DAPC method was able to identify and separate the predetermined successfully groups, suggesting that the DAPC approach maximizes the differentiation between groups and minimizes the changes within the group. Partial admixture between cultivars and landraces of hexaploid wheat can be related to gene exchange between these two groups or perhaps their wrong labeling at the time of collection. In general, the results of this study provided valuable information about the genetic differentiation of Iranian tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, which can be used in future wheat breeding programs. Further, protecting these genotypes in gene banks is necessary for different strategies.
Maryam Ghorbani, Kianoosh Cheghamirza, Saeed Abbasi, Zahra Aziziaram,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
The current research was carried out to evaluate genetic diversity of 18 common bean cultivars and promising lines and to determine SSR and SCoT informative markers associated with 14 seed characteristics including the number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, seed length, seed width, the contents of crude protein, total soluble sugar, starch content, crude fat, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, uronic acid, and mineral ash. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied from 0.2 to 0.5 with an average of 0.39 for the SSR markers and from 0.19 to 0.42 with an average of 0.34 for the SCoT markers. The total average resolving power of SSR and SCoT markers were 1.54 and 5.34, respectively, indicating higher efficiency of SCoT markers than SSR markers for the diversity analysis. The common bean studied genotypes were clustered into three distinct groups for both markers based on the Complete Linkage method. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) for the SSR markers revealed that the first two principal components justified 59.05% of whole variation. For the SCoT marker, on the other hand, the fraction of variances explained by the first two principal components was equal to 25.43 indicating a better distribution of SCoT markers than SSR markers in the common bean genome. Analysis of molecular variance based on the grouping obtained from cluster analysis showed that the diversity within the group based on SSR and SCoT markers was equal to 89 and 78%, respectively. The results of regression analysis for the studied markers and the bean seed characteristics showed the existence of a significant relationships between a single marker with the several studied traits. This could indicate the association or linkage of the marker locations. Twelve out of 14 of the investigated common bean seed characteristics showed a significant relationship with at least one molecular marker.
|
|
