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Showing 167 results for Type of Study: Research
Seyede Maryam Seyed Seyed Hassan Pour, Leila Nejadsadeghi, Zahra Sadat Shobbar, Danial Kahrizi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Camelina )Camelina sativa (is an annual, self-pollinating, allohexaploid plant with diploid inheritance belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Camelina exhibits a remarkable degree of similarity to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. WRKY transcription factors are among important gene families in plants that play crucial roles in regulating growth and development and in response to diverse stresses. In this research, using bioinformatics analysis and databases, members of the WRKY gene family were identified and their various characteristics were investigated. Overall, the genome of the Camelina plant was found to harbor 214 members of the WRKY gene family. All 214 WRKY genes were found to possess the conserved WRKY functional domain, along with a variety of motifs within their structural composition. Phylogenetic analysis divided the identified members of Camelina WRKY genes into four main groups. Examination of the chromosomal positions revealed that the 214 identified WRKY genes exhibited an uneven distribution across the chromosomes. In order to validate the identified genes, the expression of two genes (Csa11g065620 and Csa07g035970) orthologs of two genes involved in drought stress in Arabidopsis (WRKY8 and WRKY57), were investigated in a drought tolerant (DH 91) and a drought sensitive (DH 101) lines. The results of the gene expression analysis showed that both genes had high expression in drought stress conditions in tolerant line in comparison to normal conditions, whereas no significant expression was found in drought sensitive line. The findings of the present study offer valuable insights for evolutionary investigations and enhance our understanding of the functional roles of the WRKY gene family in Camelina, thereby laying a foundation for future research endeavors in this field.
Ramezanali Pourali, Mohammadhadi Pahlevani, Khalil Zeinalnejad,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Increasing grain yield and improving the quality of bread are among the most important goals of wheat breeding programs in Iran. Understanding the genetic control of traits and finding molecular or morphological markers associated with them are also prerequisites for any genetic engineering program. In this study, 100 progenies of a 10 × 10 diallel cross were used to analyse the genetics of grain yield and bakery values using STS markers associated with HMWG subunits. This research was carried out during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources experimental fields. In the first year, 10 wheat cultivars, including Gonbad, Morvarid, Kalate, Ehsan, Sirvan, Baharan, Chamran2, Shush, Mehrgan and Brat collected from different geographical regions of Iran were planted and crossed in the field. In the second year, the parents and crosses were planted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The grain yield, number of spikes per plant, number of seeds per spike, seed weight, days to emergence and plant height were recorded. The results of this study indicated significant genetic differences between the parents. Narrow-sense heritability analysis revealed that the crossing of cultivars is the best breeding method to enhance seed yield, number of spikes per plant and days to emergence. Also, to improve the number of seeds per spike, seed weight and plant height, classical breeding methods may offer higher efficiency. Marvarid and Gonbad were ranked 1st and 2nd, respectively with respect to general combining abilities for grain yield, attributed to their positive and significant general combining ability effects. The highest specific combining ability was observed for Ehsan×Gonbad, Marvarid×Chamran 2 and Shush×Sirvan crosses. The results of molecular markers analysis showed that the STS markers were able to identify the difference in the baking value of cultivars. The quality score of the cultivars ranged 6 and 10 and to this end, Kalate and Brat were the top cultivars. Therefore, due to superiority in terms of both quantity and quality for yield, these cultivars can be used as parents with desirable genes for future breeding programs. Overall, the STS markers employed in this study proved to be valuable markers for enhancing the genetic background of bread wheat, particularly when employing marker-assisted selection for bakery value.
Seyedeh Sanaz Ramezanpour, Hassan Soltanloo, Saied Navabpour,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of fungus Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew disease) on expression of genes associated with resistance reactions in barley, a susceptible cultivar (Afzal), a semi-susceptible genotype (Line 67) and a resistant genotype (Line 104) were selected. Following inoculation with Blumeria graminis at seedling stage, sampling was performed at different time points (0-10 days). Changes in gene expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR analysis. Analysis of molecular data showed that the genes encoding chitinase and glucanase as the key enzymes in fungal cell wall degradation, had higher expression levels in the resistant genotype (Line 104). The transcript level of chitinase in semi-susceptible genotype (Line 67) was lower than that of the resistant genotype (Line 104) and higher than that of the susceptible cultivar. Most transcripts of chitinase gene were seen at 12 hours post inoculation in the resistant genotype (Line 104), whereas the lowest expression level was recorded at the same time in the susceptible cultivar. The expression levels of the other two genes (glucanase and peroxidase) were higher in the resistant genotype (Line 104) than those in the susceptible cultivar. Increasing in MAPK transcripts in resistant genotype (Line 104) and its depletion in susceptible cultivar confirmed MAPK role in Hypersensitive response (HR) and defense responses of barley infected with powdery mildew disease. Based on the findings of this study, it appears that the HR in the resistant genotype initiated as early as six hours post inoculation, effectively hindering the penetration and dissemination of the pathogen within the plant. Such reaction was not observed in the semi-susceptible and susceptible barley plants, possibly due to delayed in responses, allowing the pathogen ample time to penetrate and propagate within the host plant. The results of this research can be used to evaluate the resistance level of cultivars and also to evaluate the resistance in the seedling stage of promising lines.
Mohammad Nader Ebrahimi, Hadi Ahmadi, Mostafa Darvishnia, Daryoush Ghoudarzi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Hexaploid winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n= 6x= 42, AABBDD) is an important small-grain cereal crop grown for food and feed. In Iran, wheat is the most cultivated cereal crop where winter wheat is ranked 1st in terms of production. Wheat fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases of wheat in humid and hot regions of the world, which causes a decrease in yield and grain quality. Fusarium head blight is caused by Fusarium graminearum. In order to investigate the resistance of some wheat traits against HBF, 27 varieties and lines of bread wheat were sown at the farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University. The spikes were infected at the first flowering stage by spray inoculation. The results showed that there was a great diversity among the 27 varieties of bread wheat tested in terms of growth traits, yield components, and grain yield. The results of The Duncan's test for comparing means showed that cultivars Ghods, Shiraz, Morvarid 2, and Pishtaz had a significant superiority in terms of grain yield compared to other cultivars. The results of simple correlation and also stepwise regression analysis showed that the traits of 1000 seed weight, plant height, number of seeds per spike, number of spikes, spike length and plant height are very important traits for grain yield. According to values of broad sense heritability and genetic gain for plant height and high correlation of this trait and seed yield, plant height can be used as a suitable trait for improving seed yield by selection. The overall results showed that Shiraz, Pishtaz, Quds and Morwarid-2 cultivars are suitable for transferring resistance to wheat spike blight disease in breeding programs.
Hosein Astaraki, Mahmoud Lotfi, Sasan Aliniaeifard, Ali Izadi-Darbandi, Payman Sharifi, Hossein Ramshini,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
In order to select the most tolerant genotypes of melon to drought stress, 30 landraces and cultivars were evaluated at Broujerd Agricultural Research Station in 2018. Under normal and drought stress conditions genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Drought stress was started when fruits appeared. Based on the rate of evaporation in class A evaporation pan (normal conditions: 50 mm, stress conditions: 100 mm), irrigation was carried out. The results of this study showed that Yield under drought stress and normal conditions showed high correlations with stress tolerance indices such as MP (Mean Productivity), GMP (Geometric Mean Productivity) and STI (Suitability Tolerance Index). The broad sense hereditary under drought stress condition varied from 81% for yield per plant to 97% for the fruit lenght. Under drought stress condition, the highest percentage of genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for Weight of flesh and skin (49 percent) and the lowest for days to maturity (4 percent). Based on the PCA biplot, the genotypes of Mamaghani, Rish-baba, Garmak and Japuni melon were identified as tolerant and Mazandrani, Uzbak1 and Ginsen Makuwa were classified as sensitive to drought stress. These results could be useful for breeding purposes and the genotypes can be crossed with each other to produce segregating populations and selection of the best plants.
Maryam Ehsasatvatan, Bahram Baghban Kohnehrouz,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is continuously increasing, and there is currently no definitive cure for type 2 diabetes. The potent glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a natural small incretin hormone, enhances insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. However, the exceedingly short half-life of GLP-1 limits its therapeutic applications. Albumin-binding DARPin can be used to increase the serum half-lives of therapeutic proteins, peptides, and small compounds. In this study, a long-acting GLP-1 agonist with oral delivery potential containing a protease-resistant GLP-1, an albumin-binding DARPin, and Penetratin as a fusion protein was expressed in a bioencapsulated form within tobacco chloroplasts to confer digestive system protection in plant cells. The successful transformation of tobacco chloroplasts with trivalent fusion protein-coding genes was conducted using a pPRV111A chloroplastic expression vector and a gene gun. Homoplasmic transplastomic plants were obtained after three rounds of selection in selection medium containing 500 mg/L spectinomycin and streptomycin. Transgene integration and homoplasmic status in the transplastomic plants were confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses. Western blot analysis confirmed the accumulation of the mGLP1-DARPin-Pen fusion protein in the chloroplasts of the transplastomic plants. The fusion protein content estimated by ELISA was 21.8% of the total soluble protein content in the transplastomic plants. The successful expression of the designed fusion protein indicated that the production of functional GLP-1 in plants may facilitate the development of a low-cost, orally deliverable form of this protein for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Forough Joudaki, Ahmad Ismaili, Seyed Sajad Sohrabi, Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini, Hadi Ahmadi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Gall oak (Quercus infectoria) is one of the extraordinary tree species with functional medicinal properties within the oak family. Various studies have confirmed the presence of numerous secondary metabolites with therapeutic properties in this plant. Despite the significance of gall oak, its genetic structure remains elusive. Therefore, unraveling the genetic structure of gall ok may provide valuable insights into its potential applications across diverse industries. MicroRNAs emerge as pivotal genetic elements implicated in the biosynthesis of crucial metabolites across a wide range of different plant species. Despite the significant role of miRNAs in plants, as of yet, no miRNAs have been reported in Q. infectoria.. Therefore, in the present study, after assembling the transcriptome of Q. infectoria, the conserved microRNAs were identified. Leaf and root samples of Q. infectoria were collected from trees in the Shineh region, and 2-year-old seedlings were grown from mature oaks in Khorramabad (Lorestan Province, Iran). Total RNA was extracted from roots and leaves using the Djami-Tchatchou method. After sequencing by the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and checking the quality of all the generated reads, the adapter sequences were removed, and the high-quality reads were assembled using Trinity package. To identify miRNAs and their target genes, all plant miRNAs sequences were downloaded from the miRbase database. The BLASTn algorithm was employed to identify the highest similarity between unigenes and mature plant miRNAs. Furthermore, BLASTx was used to search against the non-redundant proteins (NR) database to remove protein-coding unigenes. The investigation of miRNA second-structure prediction involved assessing the similarity between potential unigenes and mature miRNA sequences using the mfold web tool. Identification of miRNA target genes and gene ontology (GO) was performed using the psRNAtarget web-tool and OmicsBox software, respectively. Following a range of strict filtering criteria, four miRNAs belonging to conserved miRNAs families were identified, including qin-miR156, qin-miR399, qin-miR160, and qin-miR172. KEGG pathway analysis showed the target genes were involved in the citrate cycle pathway. Examining miRNA target genes in Q. infectoria and analyzing their interaction network, finally led to the identification of three hub genes. Identified miRNA target genes were associated with the biosynthesis of various enzyme groups, suggesting that most of miRNAs regulating hydrolases, transferases, and oxidoreductases. Given the role of microRNAs in regulating transcription factors and their impact on genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, future breeding programs in Q. infectoria may benefit from the potential of such regulatory elements as a guide and key.
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