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Showing 11 results for Moghaddam
Maryam Ahmadi, Mustafa Valizadeh, Mahmoud Tourchi, Mohammad Moghaddam Vahed, Hossein Mohammadzadeh Jalaly,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Abstract
For evaluation of genetic diversity among improved alfalfa varieties and Iranian landraces, 12 populations including five improved varieties (Kaysari, Kadi, Ranger, Mesmir, Seariver) and seven landraces (Gharayonje, Amozeynadin, Rahnani, Tazekand, Shazand, Hamedani, Yazdi) were evaluated using agronomic traits and enzyme markers. Thirty-five individuals of each variety were grown and analyzed in separate pots in a unbalanced completely randomized design (CRD). Analysis of variance for agronomic traits showed significant differences for most of the traits among improved and landrace varieties. For esterase and peroxidase enzymes based on presence or absence of enzyme bands (1, 0) eleven polymprphic isozyme bands were detected. For improved and landrace varieties Shanon index mean was 0.48 ± 0.246 and 0.519 ± 0.193, respectively, furthermore Nei genetic diversity index mean for improved and landraces was 0.327 ± 0.181 and 0.352 ± 0.148 respectively, suggesting no difference between improved and landrace varieties was found. Analysis of relation between isozyme markers and agronomic traits showed that there are significant differences between the presence of POX-4 and wet and dry yield in improved varieties.
Robab Salami, Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi, Sara Ghafarian, Mohammad Moghaddam,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (3-2016)
Abstract
Barley is the most salt tolerant cereal‚ and is grown in a wide range of climatic conditions. To improve the plant tolerance to salinity‚ expression analysis of genes involved in stress tolerance could be effective in identification and development of tolerant genotypes. In this study, for evaluation of salinity effect on expression of Hv TIP2;3 and Hv TIP4;1 genes (encoding channel proteins in the membrane) in roots of barley, three genotypes; Clipper (salt susceptible), Sahara3771 (salt tolerant) and advanced breeding line (a salt tolerant line derived from a cross between Kavir and Sahra cultivars) were planted under 0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl. To determine the expression differences of these genes, RNA was extracted from root samples harvested at 24 hours, 3 days and 3 weeks after applying salinity treatments and cDNA was generated. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference among genotypes, salinity levels and sampling stages for Hv TIP2;3 and Hv TIP4;1 genes expression pattern, whereas genotype × salinity interaction for Hv TIP2;3and genotype × sampling stage interaction were significant for both of the studied genes. The expression of TIP 2;3 gene in the 100 mM NaCl was increased in salt susceptible genotype Clipper and decreased in tolerant genotypes compared with control. Mean comparison of genotype and sampling combination showed that the expression level of Hv TIP4;1 gene at 3 weeks after salinity stress was increased in Sahara and advanced breeding line and decreased in Clipper. According to the results‚ it was confirmed that these genes are affected by salinity stress‚ and effective utilization of this genes in the barley in order to increase salinity tolerance could lead to desirable results.
Bafrin Molaei, Mohammad Moghaddam, Seyed Siamak Alvaikia, Ali Bandeh-Hagh,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (3-2017)
Abstract
This experiment was conducted during 2013-2014 in Tabriz University research farm, Iran. In this research, the inheritance of some agronomic and physiological traits in different generations of Bam (tolerant to drought) and Artha (sensitive to drought) cross was studied in field conditions by generation mean analysis. The experiment was a split plot design using randomized complete blocks with two replications with the irrigation conditions in the main plots and generations in the sub-plots. The interaction between generations and irrigation conditions was significant only for grain yield. Based on the result of generation means analysis for the spike length and straw weight, the threeparameter model was found fitting the analysis. For the thousand-seed weight in the water stress condition and for the plant weight in the irrigation condition, a non-significant chi-square suggesting that the six-parameter model for these traits is suitable. For the other traits, the chi-square was significant in both conditions. For spike length and leaf area, the degree of dominance was greater than one (2.3 and 1.53, respectively) which showed the existence of over-dominance gene action in controlling these traits. Straw weight in normal condition, leaf area and thousand seed weight in the stress condition had a high broad-sense heritability. The narrow-sense heritability for all other traits was low, suggesting the need for exploiting dominance gene action in the breeding programs if hybrid varieties are produced in the bread wheat.
Reza Darvishzadeh, Mir Javad Mousavi Andazghi, Amir Fayyaz Moghaddam, Hossein Abbassi Holasou, Seyyed Reza Alavi,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (3-2017)
Abstract
In order to evaluate heritability and gene action for some of the important quantitative traits in oriental tobacco, two genotypes, Basma 16-10 and SPT406 were crossed with Basma S. 31 cultivar, separately in 2009-2010. Parents with F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Traits such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, internnode number, stem diameter and yield per plant were recorded. The results obtained from analysis of variance indicated that generations mean squares were statistically significant for all traits expect for stem diameter. Therefore, generation mean analysis was performed for significant triats to estimate gene actions using Chi-square and scaling tests. The Chi-square of simple three-parametric model (additive-dominance model) was significant for studied crosses, indicating the presence of non allelic-interactions in the inheritance of these traits in oriental tobacco. Both additive and dominance genetic effects were significant for plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number and internnode number. In addition, presence of high amount of dominance effect and dominance × dominance interactions suggests the importance of non-additive genetic effects for these traits in oriental tobacco. Therefore, selection for these traits in early generations can not be successful. However, additive genetic effects play an important role in the inheritance of yield, and then selection for this trait is hopeful in early generations during tobacco breeding process.
Soheila Shayan, Mohammad Moghaddam Vahed, Majid Norouzi, Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi, Mahmoud Tourchi, Bafrin Molaei,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the factors that reduces yield in the world. Considering that wheat is grown mostly in semi-arid areas, much attention has been paid to develop drought tolerant varieties. This experiment was conducted during 2013-2014 in Tabriz University research farm, Iran. In this investigation the inheritance of some agronomic and physiological traits was studied in the field condition through generations mean analysis. The generations were produced from the cross of Arg (tolerant to drought) and Moghan3 (sensitive to drought) varieties. The experiment was a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with two replications. The irrigation conditions were arranged in the main plots and generations in the subplots. In the stress condition, irrigation was withheld after pollination. Based on the analysis of variance, significant difference were observed among different generations in terms of plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, number of fertile tillers, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, days to maturity, spike weight, straw weight, biomass, grain yield and harvest index. The interaction between generations and irrigation conditions was significant only for grain yield. The generation mean analysis in both normal and drought stress conditions showed that chi-square of three parameter model was significant for all of the studied characteristics, indicating the presence of non-allelic interactions in the inheritance of these traits. The broad sense and narrow sense heritabilities for the traits under study were estimated as 0.502-0.946 and 0.244-0.429 in the normal condition and 0.653-0.951 and 0.221-0.377 in the water stress condition, respectively. The average degree of dominance for all of the characters in both normal and water stress conditions was greater than one which indicated the existence of over-dominance gene action in controlling these traits. At both conditions, the dominance genetic variance was higher than the additive genetic variance for all of the traits. The results indicate the necessity of selection in advanced generation or exploiting dominance gene action in the breeding programs, if hybrid varieties are produced in the wheat plant.
Arash Salami, Mohammadhadi Pahlevani, Khalil Zenalinezhad, Mohsen Esmaeilzadeh Moghaddam,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2018)
Abstract
Collection and conservation of germplasm, particularly for landraces of important agronomically species and organizing their information, cause to continuity of their usefulness and reduce the risk of their genetic erosion. In this experiment, 10 Iranian wheat landraces along with the Chinese Spring cultivar, as control, were used to assess inter and intra populations variation by using ISSR molecular markers and morphological traits. Evaluation of populations in terms of height, spike length, awn length, number of spike nodes, number of grains per spike, flag leaf length and grain weight showed that there were considerable variation among landraces. Also, in some landraces like KhorramAbad and Ardabil, intra population diversity for some of these traits, such as plant height and length of awn, was obvious. Evaluation of the landraces for ISSR markers showed that among 99 scored bands, 78 bands were polymorphic. Percent of polymorphism with mean of 81.88 % was varied from 53.33 for primer of ISSR-4 to 100% for primers of ISSR-9, ISSR-14, ISSR-5 and ISSR-7. Average PIC of the landraces was estimated 3.0. Results of this study showed that there was considerable intra population diversity for the ISSR markers in landraces of KhorramAbad, Maragheh and Torbat-e-Heydarieh however, a little diversity for Khoy, Ahwaz, Isfahan, Mashad, Urmia, Shiraz and Ardabil was observed. Results of this study showed that there is inter and intra genetic diversity within Iranian landraces of wheat with different levels and these landraces can be used as basic population for extraction of pure lines.
Maryam Tahmasbali, Reza Darvishzadeh, Amir Fayaz Moghaddam,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
In a breeding program, it is important to find out information about the genes action, because knowledge in this field could help the researchers in their crossing programs and realizing effective selection. In this study, breeding values of different agronomic traits in oriental tobacco were predicted using the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) procedure. For this purpose, 89 tobacco genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal (without broomrape) and stress (with broomrape) conditions at Urmia Tobacco Research Centre, during two successive years. Broomrape stress was applied by mixing 0.06 gr broomrape seed with soil in pots. C.H.T.209.12e × F.K.40-1 genotype had high yield under both normal and broomrape stress conditions and was one of the desirable genotypes in terms of yield tolerance and stability index. The Rustica genotype was the best genotype in terms of the breeding value of most of studied traits in both normal and broomrape stress conditions. The result from cluster analysis based on the breeding values of the studied traits showed that, tobacco genotypes were divided into 6 and 5 groups in normal and broomrape stress conditions, respectively; but the distribution of genotypes within the groups was different depending on the conditions. The highest heritability was observed for root fresh weight under normal condition and for leaf fresh weight under broomrape stress conditionss. The results showed that a genotype with good phenotypic performance may have low breeding value. Therefore, considering breeding value information along with phenotypic mean of traits can increase the efficiency of breeding programs.
Jamal Rahimi Darabad, Varahram Rashidi, Hossein Shahbazi, Mohammad Moghaddam Vahed, Ebrahim Khalilvand,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
In order to determine the heritability and genetic parameters of some agronomic traits in barely (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, a seven-parent half diallel (F1 crosses + parents) was conducted in the non-stress and salt stress (8 and 12 ds m-1) conditions in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Genetic analysis was performed by Hayman’s method and Griffing’s fixed model, method 2. The slope of linear regression of Wr on Vr were significantly higher than 0 and had not significant difference with 1 indicating the additive-dominant model was satisfied in all cases. The narrow-sense heritability of traits was medium to high (0.4-0.8) but their broad-sense heritability was estimated relatively high (0.7-0.9). Results of regression graphs showed that Afzal parent had the most dominant allele. The significance of “a” component in most of the studied traits indicated the presence of the additive effects in controlling of traits. The significance of “b” component in most of the studied traits indicated the presence of the dominance effects in controlling of traits. The proportion of positive and negative genes was lower than 0.25 in all of the traits (except for grain weight per spike in 12 ds m-1 salinity), indicating the presence of asymmetry in the distribution of the positive and negative alleles in the parents. Based on general combining ability effects, it was concluded that under salinity, cultivar “Kavir” had favorable alleles in plant height, grain weight per spike and 100 grain weight traits and can be used as a general parent in breeding programs. Estimates of high broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability in most traits indicated that these genetic materials were promising for breeding under normal and salinity stress conditions.
Abdul Karim Tahmasebi, Reza Darvishzadeh, Amir Fayaz Moghaddam, Esmaeil Gholinezhad, Hossein Abdi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
The selection of genotypes based on multiple traits is a fundamental issue and an important part of the process of plant breeding. In the present study, the efficiency of selection indices based on phenological, morphological and physiological traits was studied to improve sesame grain yield. The evaluation of 25 sesame populations was realized in a completely randomized design with 10 replications under Urmia conditions in 2017.The results showed that phenotypic and genotypic correlations between grain yield and No. of capsules per plant, No. of grains per capsule, No. of branches, leaf temperature, leaf index and biological weight were positive and significant. By regression and path analysis, the No. of capsules and No. of branches were identified as the variables of the first-order cause and biological weight, harvest index, leaf index, plant height and chlorophyll as the second-order cause variables, among which only plant height had a direct negative effect. In order to obtain selection indices, two optimal and basic methods and ten different vectors of economic values of traits were used. The vectors were based on the analysis of correlation, regression, path and broad sense heritability. The third and fourth indices, in which the first-order cause entered the model, showed high relative efficiency and in terms of these two indices, and the sesame populations with code number of 12, 17, 18 and 19 populations were identified as the most desirable populations. Finally, it is suggested that the efficiency of these selection indices be evaluated in the field
Kaveh Sadeghi, Mohammadhadi Pahlevani, Mohsen Esmeilzadeh Moghaddam, Khalil Zaynali Nezhad,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Identifying selection indices is the most important step of a breeding project that aims to improve grain yield. The definition of the selection index is usually done by evaluating the variables in multivariate statistical methods. In the present study, the relationship between grain yield and its components in bread wheat genotypes was determined by multivariate statistical methods. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in the 2018-19 crop years. Ten commercial cultivars of bread wheat along with their offspring from direct and inverse crosses in a dialysis arrangement were evaluated for morphological and phenological traits, especially grain yield and its components. The results of genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients showed a positive and significant correlation (at 1% probability level) between grain yield and spike length, spike weight, number of fertile tillers, number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per spike, 1000-seed weight, biological yield and harvest index. Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis, biological yield, harvest index, number of grains per main spike and main spike weight were entered into the regression model, respectively, and explained a total of 98% of the variation in grain yield. Based on the results of path analysis, biological yield had the highest direct effect on grain yield. After biological yield, the most direct effect on grain yield was related to the weight of main spike. Also, by considering eigenvalues greater than one in factor analysis, 8 hidden factors were identified that explained a total of 75.18% of the data changes. In general, it can be concluded that biological yield, harvest index, number of seeds per spike and weight of spike compared to other traits can be used as appropriate indicators in breeding programs to select high-yield genotypes in field conditions. Genotypes Alo, Ehsan♂ × Gonbad♀ and Ehsan had the highest value for the studied traits, which can be used in future breeding researches.
Maryam Ebrahimi, Reza Darvishzadeh, Amir Fayaz Moghaddam,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
Protection of food security is one of the basic priorities of any country, which is achieved through the development and introduction of new, high-yielding and stress-resistant crop varieties. Considering the wide range of usage; human nutrition, livestock and poultry nutrition as well as use in industrial products production, maize is of special importance in agricultural development programs. To improve a trait with complex behavior and low heritability, indirect selection by other traits or a suitable index developed based on several traits can be used. In this research, 86 maize genotypes were cultivated in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in the field in the Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University under two normal and salt stress conditions. The measurement of the traits was done from the tassel appearance to kernel physiological maturity. In order to speed up genotype selection and increase the acuracy of selecting high yielding genotypes, four selection indices including Smith- Hazel, Pasek- Baker, Brim and Robinson were used and calculated. The results of present study revealed that selection based on the Smith- Hazel index with the highest selection efficiency (∆H) will increase the grain yield in normal and grain yield and plant height in salt stress conditions. This index, with its high correlation with the breeding value is introduced as a superior index. Based on this index, R59 and 6*/88 genotypes were introduced as the superior genotypes under normal and salt stress conditions, respectively. Nonetheless, these genotypes were recognized as the best genotypes considering the results of all other investigated indices. Identifying and introducing genotypes tolerant to salinity stress is of particular importance due to the expansion of saline lands and the limitation of access to water suitable for irrigation. Based on the above results, 6*/88 genotype is recommended for the development of promising hybrids for cultivation in areas with water or saline soil.
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