|
|
|
 |
Search published articles |
 |
|
Showing 10 results for Darvishzadeh
Fatemeh Sahranavard Azartamar, Mortaza Ghadimzadeh, Reza Darvishzadeh,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (3-2016)
Abstract
Knowledge about the amount of genetic diversity and understanding relationship between genotypes are important steps in plant germplasm conservation and breeding activities. In this study, the genetic diversity among 106 sunflower lines was assessed by 30 microsatellite primers. A total of 71 alleles were detected. Number of alleles in microssatellite loci ranged from 2 to 4 with the average number of 2.207 alleles per locus. The effective number of alleles ranged from 1.058 in locus ORS718 to 3.147 in locus HA3040. The average number of effective alleles was 1.641. The mean of PIC value was 0.344. Based on allele number and PIC value, SSR loci such as HA3040 and ORS733 are considered appropriate markers for studying genetic diversity in oily sunflower. Based on the results of cluster analysis using Jaccard's similarity coefficient and complete algorithm, the lines were grouped into four groups. Nineteen six out of 106 genotypes were grouped according to their origins (research centers). The highest and lowest Nei genetic distances were 0.21 and 0.004 between “NOVARTIS and HUNGARY” and “SPII with ENSAT and INRA-MONTPOL” groups, respectively. Analysis of the population structure revealed 5 subpopulations in the studied panel. The results show that the assignment of lines to subpopulations is not concordance with their geographical distribution pattern. The genetic diversity and distance revealed by SSR markers can be used in oily sunflower crossing and breeding programs
Reza Darvishzadeh, Mir Javad Mousavi Andazghi, Amir Fayyaz Moghaddam, Hossein Abbassi Holasou, Seyyed Reza Alavi,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (3-2017)
Abstract
In order to evaluate heritability and gene action for some of the important quantitative traits in oriental tobacco, two genotypes, Basma 16-10 and SPT406 were crossed with Basma S. 31 cultivar, separately in 2009-2010. Parents with F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Traits such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, internnode number, stem diameter and yield per plant were recorded. The results obtained from analysis of variance indicated that generations mean squares were statistically significant for all traits expect for stem diameter. Therefore, generation mean analysis was performed for significant triats to estimate gene actions using Chi-square and scaling tests. The Chi-square of simple three-parametric model (additive-dominance model) was significant for studied crosses, indicating the presence of non allelic-interactions in the inheritance of these traits in oriental tobacco. Both additive and dominance genetic effects were significant for plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number and internnode number. In addition, presence of high amount of dominance effect and dominance × dominance interactions suggests the importance of non-additive genetic effects for these traits in oriental tobacco. Therefore, selection for these traits in early generations can not be successful. However, additive genetic effects play an important role in the inheritance of yield, and then selection for this trait is hopeful in early generations during tobacco breeding process.
Dr Reza Darvishzadeh, Dr Hadi Alipour, Dr Ahmad Sarrafi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
Black stem disease is one of the most important fungi diseases in sunflower. Information about the mode of heritability and the effects of genes controlling trait could be most important for selecting breeding methods to black stem disease resistance. In this study, genotypes ENSAT-B5 and AS613 and a mutant genotype M5-54-1 with different response to MP8 and MP10 isolates were selected and F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations were made from ENSAT-B5×AS613 and ENSAT-B5×M5-54-1 crosses. Generations of crossing and parents of each set were planted in a completely randomized design with three replications and infected by M8 and M10 isolates. With the exception of the [(♀) M5-54-1 × ENSAT-B5 (♂)-MP10] cross, the lack of fit test of simple three parametric additive-dominance models for the [(♀) AS613 × ENSAT-B5 (♂)-MP8] and [(♀) AS613 × ENSAT-B5 (♂)-MP10] crosses were significant, indicating the presence of non-allelic interactions in the inheritance of the black stem disease resistance. In the estimated models for the different crosses, high and significant amount of dominant effects and dominant × dominant interactions suggested the importance of non-additive genetic effects. Therefore, selection for this trait in early generation could not be effectively successful and hybrid development is highly recommended for increasing the resistance to the black stem disease.
Khadijeh Mousa Khalifani, Reza Darvishzadeh, Masoud Abrinbana, Aram Nouri,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important crop that its oil has nutritional and high economic value. Basal stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor, is one of the important and devastating disease of sunflower. The use of resistant cultivars is considered as the most important and effective method to control the disease. In this study, the reaction of 100 oily sunflower lines to three isolates of S. sclerotiorum and three isolates of S. minor was studied. Identification of gene loci associated with resistance to disease was done with markers produced with 30 SSR primers pairs. The results showed that some of sunflower genotypes had well resistant to Sclerotinia disease. Population structure analysis using Structure software identified 2 subpopulations (K=2). Association analysis using TASEEL software with general and mixed linear models (GLM and MLM) identified 14 and 12 loci, respectively that have significant association with resistant genes related to Sclerotinia. ORS617 locus was commonly related to genes associated with resistance to M1 from S. minor and J1 from S. sclerotiorum. The common markers are important in sunflower breeding programs making possible simultaneously selection for several traits and producing resistant cultivars to Sclerotinia disease.
Somayeh Dadashi, Reza Darvishzadeh, Mojtaba Nouraein, Hamid Hatami Maleki,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (9-2019)
Abstract
For the purpose of graphical analysis and estimation of genetic parameters related to yield and its components, six tobacco genotypes was crossed in half -diallel mating design. In this study, the F2 progenies and their parents were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between genotypes for plant height, leaf number, leaf dry weight and leaf fresh weight. Hayman graphical method was utilized for analysis of data. Diallel analysis indicated existence of an additive and dominant actions in inheritance of all studied traits. Traits including plant height, leaf number, leaf length and width, stem diameter, internode distance and leaf dry weight possessed greater additive effects meanwhile in the leaf weight the dominance effect was greater. The additive gene action detected for leaf dry weight (yield) manifested the influence of selection methods in breeding of this trait. Due to the fact that the fresh weight of the leaf was controlled by dominance effects, so hybrid-based methods are effective in modifying this trait. Also, additive and dominance gene action were contributed in heritability of yield, plant height and number of leaves. Regarding the mean values of dominance degree and results of graphical analysis, the gene action for leaf fresh weight was over-domnance and so, the heterosis phenomenon could be used to increase and improve this trait. For the traits including plant height, leaf number and yield, the gene action type was relative dominance.
Maryam Tahmasbali, Reza Darvishzadeh, Amir Fayaz Moghaddam,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
In a breeding program, it is important to find out information about the genes action, because knowledge in this field could help the researchers in their crossing programs and realizing effective selection. In this study, breeding values of different agronomic traits in oriental tobacco were predicted using the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) procedure. For this purpose, 89 tobacco genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal (without broomrape) and stress (with broomrape) conditions at Urmia Tobacco Research Centre, during two successive years. Broomrape stress was applied by mixing 0.06 gr broomrape seed with soil in pots. C.H.T.209.12e × F.K.40-1 genotype had high yield under both normal and broomrape stress conditions and was one of the desirable genotypes in terms of yield tolerance and stability index. The Rustica genotype was the best genotype in terms of the breeding value of most of studied traits in both normal and broomrape stress conditions. The result from cluster analysis based on the breeding values of the studied traits showed that, tobacco genotypes were divided into 6 and 5 groups in normal and broomrape stress conditions, respectively; but the distribution of genotypes within the groups was different depending on the conditions. The highest heritability was observed for root fresh weight under normal condition and for leaf fresh weight under broomrape stress conditionss. The results showed that a genotype with good phenotypic performance may have low breeding value. Therefore, considering breeding value information along with phenotypic mean of traits can increase the efficiency of breeding programs.
Maryam Rasoulzadeh Aghdam, Reza Darvishzadeh, Ebrahim Sepehr, Hadi Alipour,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2021)
Abstract
Nutrient deficiencies are important abiotic stresses that can affect plant growth and development. In this study, 76 sunflower pour lines collected from different regions of the world were evaluated in pot using some physiological traits with combined analysis of completely randomized design with three replications under optimal and phosphorus deficit conditions. Phosphorus deficiency decreased the means of all studied traits except canopy temperature. Oilseed sunflower lines were grouped into five and four clusters in each one of optimum and phosphorus deficient conditions, respectively. However, in both optimum and phosphorus deficient conditions, lines 19, 21, 27, 44 and 71 were classified into desirable cluster with high yield and yield components. Multivariate tolerance index (MFVD) for each genotype was calculated using the ratio and productivity matrices of the studied traits under optimal and phosphorus deficit conditions using principal component analysis on the resulting matrices. Based on the resulting biplot, lines 71, 74, 65, 21, 39, 7, 18 and 11 were introduced as desirable and phosphorus deficit tolerant lines.
Abdul Karim Tahmasebi, Reza Darvishzadeh, Amir Fayaz Moghaddam, Esmaeil Gholinezhad, Hossein Abdi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
The selection of genotypes based on multiple traits is a fundamental issue and an important part of the process of plant breeding. In the present study, the efficiency of selection indices based on phenological, morphological and physiological traits was studied to improve sesame grain yield. The evaluation of 25 sesame populations was realized in a completely randomized design with 10 replications under Urmia conditions in 2017.The results showed that phenotypic and genotypic correlations between grain yield and No. of capsules per plant, No. of grains per capsule, No. of branches, leaf temperature, leaf index and biological weight were positive and significant. By regression and path analysis, the No. of capsules and No. of branches were identified as the variables of the first-order cause and biological weight, harvest index, leaf index, plant height and chlorophyll as the second-order cause variables, among which only plant height had a direct negative effect. In order to obtain selection indices, two optimal and basic methods and ten different vectors of economic values of traits were used. The vectors were based on the analysis of correlation, regression, path and broad sense heritability. The third and fourth indices, in which the first-order cause entered the model, showed high relative efficiency and in terms of these two indices, and the sesame populations with code number of 12, 17, 18 and 19 populations were identified as the most desirable populations. Finally, it is suggested that the efficiency of these selection indices be evaluated in the field
Maryam Ebrahimi, Reza Darvishzadeh, Amir Fayaz Moghaddam,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
Protection of food security is one of the basic priorities of any country, which is achieved through the development and introduction of new, high-yielding and stress-resistant crop varieties. Considering the wide range of usage; human nutrition, livestock and poultry nutrition as well as use in industrial products production, maize is of special importance in agricultural development programs. To improve a trait with complex behavior and low heritability, indirect selection by other traits or a suitable index developed based on several traits can be used. In this research, 86 maize genotypes were cultivated in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in the field in the Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University under two normal and salt stress conditions. The measurement of the traits was done from the tassel appearance to kernel physiological maturity. In order to speed up genotype selection and increase the acuracy of selecting high yielding genotypes, four selection indices including Smith- Hazel, Pasek- Baker, Brim and Robinson were used and calculated. The results of present study revealed that selection based on the Smith- Hazel index with the highest selection efficiency (∆H) will increase the grain yield in normal and grain yield and plant height in salt stress conditions. This index, with its high correlation with the breeding value is introduced as a superior index. Based on this index, R59 and 6*/88 genotypes were introduced as the superior genotypes under normal and salt stress conditions, respectively. Nonetheless, these genotypes were recognized as the best genotypes considering the results of all other investigated indices. Identifying and introducing genotypes tolerant to salinity stress is of particular importance due to the expansion of saline lands and the limitation of access to water suitable for irrigation. Based on the above results, 6*/88 genotype is recommended for the development of promising hybrids for cultivation in areas with water or saline soil.
Nasrin Akbari, Reza Darvishzadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (9-2024)
Abstract
Sunflower, one of the important oilseed plants, is affected by drought stress, consequently leading to yield decreases. Direct selection for improving seed yield, as the end result of multiple traits, is often ineffective due to the significant impact of environmental conditions. For many years, indirect selection through other traits or selection indices has been proposed to improve seed yield. In the present experiment, 100 oilseed sunflower genotypes were evaluated in terms of some agro-morphological traits using a simple 10 × 10 lattice design under normal and drought stress conditions during two consecutive croping seasons. In drought stress conditions, irrigation was done after 180 mm of evaporation from class A evaporation pan, compared to 90 mm in normal irrigation conditions. Brim, Smith-Hazel, Robinson and Pesek-Baker selection indices were calculated to select genotypes under two environmental conditions. In order to evaluate and compare the efficiency of selection indices and select the best index, the genetic gain of traits (∆G), expected gain (∆H) and relative efficiency of selection index (RE) were calculated. The results of this study showed that the direct response to selection for the traits including seed oil content, days to maturity and leaf length under both environmental conditions was more favorable compared to the correlated response. However, for head and stem diameter traits, the lowest efficiency of direct selection was observed under both environmental conditions compared to other investigated traits. Considering the two criteria; the genetic gain of traits (∆G) and expected gain (∆H) under normal and drought stress conditions, the two indexes of Brim and Smith-Hazel were introduced as the best index and the genotype ENSAT-254 was introduced as the superior genotype. The selected ENSAT-254 genotype can be considered in developing hybrid cultivars for cultivation under drought stress conditions, provided it is validated at the molecular level by analyzing the expression of genes related to water deficit stress tolerance.
|
|
