Self-sensing concrete (ISSC) refers to a structural material that can be monitored without the need for a sensor or remote control. By measuring the electrical resistance of the ISSC, stress, strain, cracks and damage can be monitored in situ. Compared to conventional structural materials that require additional sensors for monitoring or tracking, ISSC has the advantage of: high sensitivity, good mechanical properties, natural compatibility, durability, easy installation and maintenance. The ISSC can be used to monitor structural health, tracking traffic and border and military security. In this paper, we describe the ISSC research advances in terms of its composition, construction methods, sensory signal testing methods, sensory properties, and manufacturing mechanism and structural applications. future challenges in the development and application of ISSCs will also be discussed.