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First record of Latrodectus dahli Levi, 1959 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Iraq
Shurooq Abdullah Najim, Kadhim Salih Al-Hadlag,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
The widow spider Latrodectus dahli Levi, 1959 is recorded for the first time from Iraq, based on four female specimens collected in Basra Province. There are 32 valid species of the genus Latrodectus with a worldwide distribution. The female copulatory organ is illustrated. Latrodectus dahli is similar to L. hystrix Simon, 1890 in the female internal duct system but differs in the shape and coloration of the opisthosoma. Distribution records now include North Africa, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia (WSC, 2020), and now Iraq.
 

An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Rajasthan, India
Rajendra Singh, Garima Singh,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2022)
Abstract
In this review, an updated checklist of spider diversity in Rajasthan, India is presented. A total of 173 spider species from 90 genera belonging to 25 families are listed with records/descriptions originating from only 20 out of 33 districts of Rajasthan. A total of 74 taxa recorded from various districts of Rajasthan were identified only up to generic level. The maximum number of spider species were recorded from Jodhpur district (72 species), followed by Ajmer (69 species), Bharatpur (66 species), Pali (63 species), Jaipur (58 species), Dholpur and Karauli (38 species each), Jhunjhunu and Sikar (31 species each), Sri Ganga Nagar (26 species), Hanumangarh (25 species), and Jaisalmer (26 species). A fewer number of species are known from other districts. Thus far, no faunal surveys of spiders have been conducted in 13 districts of Rajasthan. Most of the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, forest areas, agricultural fields, human dwellings, etc. within the state still await intensive and extensive surveys to record the spider fauna.

Checklist of natural enemies of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, 1843) and Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis, 1914) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their host plant associations in India
Rajendra Singh,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (9-2024)
Abstract
The present study summarizes the predators and parasitoids of two species, the mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, 1843) and the turnip aphid Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis, 1914) infesting various food plants distributed in various states and union territories of India. These predators belong to four orders of the class Insecta: Coleoptera (Coccinellidae), Diptera (Chamaemyiidae, Syrphidae), Hemiptera (Anthocoridae, Geocoridae, Reduviidae) and Neuroptera (Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae), and one order of class Arachnida, the order Araneae (spiders) (6 families). A total of 100 species of predators were observed to feed on the mustard aphid on 23 food plant species distributed in 26 states/union territory of India. The greatest numbers of predators of both species belong to the families Coccinellidae (47 species) and Syrphidae (27 species). Four species of predatory bugs (Hemiptera), seven species of lacewings (Neuroptera) and fourteen species of spiders are reported to prey on Lipaphis erysimi in India. Most of the tritrophic associations (triplets, predators–preys–host plants) of these predators are reported from Uttar Pradesh (98 triplets) followed by West Bengal (58 triplets), Punjab (53 triplets), Manipur (48 triplets), Tripura (40 triplets) and other states/union territories (less than 40 triplets). A total of 16 species of predators belonging to Coccinellidae, Syrphidae and Chrysopidae are reported to prey on Lipaphis pseudobrassicae only in seven states/union territory of India, mostly in Jammu and Kashmir. Two families of the parasitoids, Aphelinidae and Braconidae (subfamily Aphidiinae) parasitize L. erysimi in India. Aphelinidae is represented by 5 species distributed in seven states/union territory and Braconidae by 17 species on 20 host plants in 24 states/union territory of India. Most of the tritrophic associations (triplets, parasitoids–hosts–host plants) of these parasitoids are reported from Manipur (15 triplets) followed by Uttar Pradesh (11 triplets) and less than 10 triplets in other states/union territories. Only two identified species of Braconidae were observed to parasitize L. pseudobrassicae in India on two host plant species distributed only in Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka and Punjab.

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