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An updated checklist of the butterfly fauna of Ajodhya Hills, Purulia, West Bengal, India along with new distribution records
Adarsha Mukherjee, Arjun Kumar, Supriya Mahato, Supriya Samanta,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
To understand and update the account of the butterfly diversity in Ajodhya Hills, Purulia, West Bengal, India a study was carried out in two consecutive years from January 2020 to December 2021 with photographic documentation. A total of 143 butterflies from 6 families, 19 subfamilies and 95 genera were recorded. The highest richness was found in the families Nymphalidae with 45 species and Lycaenidae with 44 species, whereas Riodinidae had the lowest richness with only 1 species recorded. This study also reports the addition of one species, Black Angle Tapena thwaitesi (Moore), to the state butterfly fauna of West Bengal, as well as the addition of one species, Common Orange Awlet Burara jaina (Moore), to the butterfly fauna of southern West Bengal. In addition, three species, Plain Banded Awl Hasora vitta (Butler), Malabar Spotted Flat Celaenorrhinus ambareesa (Moore) and Common Acacia Blue Surendra quercetorum (Moore), were recorded with the first photographic documentation from southern West Bengal representing the rediscovery of Malabar Spotted Flat after 124 years from the Chotanagpur Plateau of West Bengal. The present study updates knowledge of the butterfly diversity of Ajodhya Hills and discusses the threats and conservation of the area, which may help in threat prevention, developing effective conservation strategies and to build awareness among the local people and government authorities to save the wildlife of Ajodhya Hills and its habitats.

Foraging and diving pattern of the Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger (Vieillot) (Pelecaniformes: Phalacrocoracidae) of Ecopark, Kolkata, India
Lina Chatterjee, Abhik Rong, C. S. Samrat, Saswati Sinha, Tarak Samanta, Arjan Basu Roy,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (9-2024)
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the feeding behaviour and diving habits of the Little Cormorant (Microcarbo niger) in the vicinity of Pakhibitan, which is a component of Ecopark, the largest urban park located in Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The study took place for three days a week starting from September 2021 to February 2022. The Little Cormorant mostly used the Lake as a foraging location in Pakhibitan, with the highest number of dives (1957 dives, 10.78 ± 10.43 sec) and surface pauses (1980 surface pauses, 6.02 ± 5.48 sec) compared to a nearby smaller pond. The pattern of dive bout/surface pause showed considerable variability between lake (F = 1.055, df = 1, P > 0.05) and pond (F = 0.153, df = 1, P > 0.05). There may be a correlation between the average duration of dives and the average recovery time between dives, and the depth of the water bodies. In certain cases, longer dives were associated with longer rest periods, resulting in increased time spent searching for prey. Consequently, the foraging efficiency of the dives may decrease as the diving depth increases. The feeding behaviour of the Little Cormorant is subject to the influence of various environmental conditions, necessitating a more comprehensive investigation.

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