Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2022)                   JAD 2022, 4(2): 1-52 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

DeMilio E, Tumanov D V, Lawton C, Kristensen R M, Hansen J G. Two new Bryodelphax Thulin, 1928 species (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from the Republic of Ireland with comments on the ‘weglarskae group’ and other heterotardigrade taxa, including the controversial genus Bryochoerus Marcus,1936. JAD 2022; 4 (2) :1-52
URL: http://jad.lu.ac.ir/article-1-210-en.html
1- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland , erica.demilio@gmail.com
2- Independent researcher
3- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
4- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Abstract:   (7895 Views)
Two new heterotardigrade (Tardigrada) species, Bryodelphax pucapetricolus sp. nov. and Bryodelphax wallacearthuri sp. nov., are described from moss associated with limestone pavement in the Republic of Ireland. The species description process for these two taxa initiated a more detailed exploration of several morphological characters of importance in Bryodelphax Thulin including cuticular sculpture elements and ventral plate morphology. Division of the third dorsal median plate in the context of the genera Bryochoerus Marcus and Bryodelphax is further discussed. We recommend minor emendations to the generic diagnoses of Bryochoerus and Bryodelphax. Also, we emend the species diagnoses of Bryodelphax aaseae Kristensen, Michalczyk and Kaczmarek and Bryodelphax parvuspolaris Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla and Michalczyk, record the genus Parechiniscus Cuénot from the Republic of Ireland for the first time, and make suggestions relevant to the taxonomy of limnoterrestrial heterotardigrades.
Full-Text [PDF 31948 kb]   (3889 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Species Diversity
Received: 2022/03/24 | Accepted: 2022/06/5 | Published: 2022/06/30

References
1. Altiero, T., Suzuki, A. C. and Rebecchi, L. (2018). Reproduction, Development and Life Cycles. In: Schill, R. O. (Ed.), Water Bears: The Biology of Tardigrades, Springer, New York. pp. 211-247. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-95702-9_8]
2. Bartels, P. J., Nelson, D. R. and Exline, R. P. (2011). Allometry and the removal of body size effects in the morphometric analysis of tardigrades. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 49 (s1): 17-25. [DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00593.x]
3. Bartels, P. J., Fontoura, P., Nelson, D. R., Orozco-Cubero, S., Mioduchowska, M., Gawlak, M., Kaczmarek, Ł. and Cortés, J. (2021). A transisthmus survey of marine tardigrades from Costa Rica (Central America) with descriptions of seven new species, Marine Biology Research, [DOI:10.1080/17451000.2021.1901936]
4. Bartoš, E. (1963). Die Tardigraden der Chinesischen und Javanischen Moosproben. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae, 27: 108-114.
5. Bertolani, R., Guidetti, R., Marchioro, T., Altiero, T., Rebecchi, L. and Cesari, M. (2014). Phylogeny of Eutardigrada: New molecular data and their morphological support lead to the identification of new evolutionary lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 76: 110-126. [DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.006]
6. Bertolani, R, Guidi, A. and Rebecchi, L. (1996). Tardigradi della Sardegna e di alcune piccole isole circum-sarde. Biogeographia, 18: 229-247. [DOI:10.21426/B618110456]
7. Cuénot, L. (1926). Description d'un tardigrade nouveau de la faune francaise. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, 182: 744-745.
8. Dastych, H. (1979). Tardigrada from Afghanistan with description of Pseudechiniscus schrammi sp. nov. Bulletin de la Société des Amis des Sciences et des Letteres de Poznan. Serie D. 19: 99-108.
9. Dastych, H. (1980). Niesporczaki (Tardigrada) Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego. Monografie Fauny Polski, 9: 1-232.
10. Dastych, H. (1988). The Tardigrada of Poland. Monografie Fauny Polski, 16: 1-255.
11. Dastych, H. (1999). A new species of the genus Mopsechiniscus Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1944 (Tardigrada) from the Venezuelan Andes. Acta Biologica Benrodis, 10: 91-101.
12. Degma, P. and Guidetti, R. (2007). Notes to the current checklist of Tardigrada. Zootaxa, 1579 (1): 41-53. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.1579.1.2]
13. Degma, P. and Guidetti, R. (2018). Tardigrade Taxa. In: Schill, R. O. (Ed.), Water Bears: The Biology of Tardigrades, Springer, New York. pp. 371-409. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-95702-9_15]
14. Degma, P., Bertolani, R. and Guidetti, R. (2021a). Actual checklist of Tardigrada species (2009-2021, 40th Edition: 19-07-2021). https://iris.unimore.it/retrieve/handle/11380/1178608/358743/Actual%20checklist%20of%20Tardigrada%2040th%20Edition%2019-07-21.pdf. http://dx.doi.org/10.25431/11380_1178608. (Accessed 20 September 2021).
15. Degma, P., Meyer, H. A. and Hinton, J. A. (2021b). Claxtonia goni, a new species of Tardigrada (Heterotardigrada, Echiniscidae) from the island of Maui (Hawaiian Islands, U.S.A., North Pacific Ocean), with notes to the genus Claxtonia Gąsiorek and Michalczyk, 2019. Zootaxa, 4933 (4): 527-542. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4933.4.4]
16. DeMilio, E., Lawton, C. and Marley, N.J. (2016). Tardigrada of Ireland: a review of records and an updated checklist of species including a new addition to the Irish fanua. ZooKeys, 616: 77-101. [DOI:10.3897/zookeys.616.8222]
17. Doyère, M. (1840). Mèmoire sur les tardigrades. Annales des Sciences Naturelles: 2 (14): 269-361.
18. du Bois-Reymond Marcus, E. (1944). Sobre tardígrados brasileiros. Comunicaciones Zoológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 13: 1-19.
19. Durante Pasa, M. V. and Maucci, W. (1975). Tardigradi muscicoli dell'Istria con descrizione di due specie nuove. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 32 (S): 69-91.
20. Fontoura, P. (1982). Deux nouvelles espéces de Tardigrades muscicoles du Portugal. Publicações do Instituto de Zoologia, 165: 5-19.
21. Fontoura, P. and Morais, P. (2011). Assessment of traditional and geometric morphometrics for distinguishing cryptic species for the Pseudechiniscus suillus complex (Tardigrada, Echiniscidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 49: 26-33. [DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00594.x]
22. Fontoura, P., Pilato, G. and Lisi, O. (2008). Echiniscidae (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada) from Faial and Pico Islands, the Azores, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa, 1693 (1): 49-61. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.1693.1.4]
23. Gąsiorek, P. (2018). New Bryodelphax species (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from Western Borneo (Sarawak), with new molecular data for the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 66: 371-381.
24. Gąsiorek, P. and Degma, P. (2018). Three Echiniscidae species (Tardigrada:
25. Heterotardigrada) new to the Polish fauna, with the description of a new gonochoristic Bryodelphax Thulin, 1928. Zootaxa, 4410: 77-96. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4410.1.4]
26. Gąsiorek, P. and Michalczyk, Ł. (2020). Revised Cornechiniscus (Heterotardigrada) and new phylogenetic analyses negate echiniscid subfamilies and tribes. Royal Society Open Science, 7 (6): 200581. [DOI:10.1098/rsos.200581]
27. Gąsiorek, P., Stec, D., Morek, W., Marnissi, J. and Michalczyk, Ł. (2017). The
28. tardigrade fauna of Tunisia, with an integrative description of Bryodelphax maculatus sp. nov. (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae). African Zoology, 52: 77-89. [DOI:10.1080/15627020.2017.1297688]
29. Gąsiorek, P., Blagden, B. and Michalczyk, Ł. (2019b). Towards a better understanding of echiniscid intraspecific variability: A redescription of Nebularmis reticulatus (Murray, 1905) (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscoidea). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 283, 242-255. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.003]
30. Gąsiorek, P., Morek, W., Stec, D. and Michalczyk, Ł. (2019a). Untangling the
31. Echiniscus Gordian knot: paraphyly of the "arctomys group" (Heterotardigrada:
32. Echiniscidae). Cladistics, 35: 633-653.
33. Gąsiorek, P., Oczkowski, A., Blagden, B., Kristensen, R. M., Bartels, P. J., Nelson, D. R., Suzuki, A. C. and Michalczyk, Ł. (2020b). New Asian and Nearctic Hypechiniscus species (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) signalize a pseudocryptic horn of plenty. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 192 (3): 794-852. [DOI:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa110]
34. Gąsiorek, P., Vončina, K. and Michalczyk, Ł. (2020). An overview of the sexual dimorphism in Echiniscus (Heterotardigrada, Echiniscoidea), with the description of Echiniscus masculinus sp. nov. (the virginicus complex) from Borneo. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 96 (1): 103-113. [DOI:10.3897/zse.96.49989]
35. Gąsiorek, P., Vončina, K., Degma, P. and Michalczyk, Ł. (2020a). Small is beautiful: the first phylogenetic analysis of Bryodelphax Thulin, 1928 (Heterotardigrada, Echiniscidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution, 96 (1), 217-236. [DOI:10.3897/zse.96.50821]
36. Gąsiorek, P., Vončina, K., Ciosek, J., Veloso, M., Fontoura, P. and Michalczyk, Ł. (2021a). New Indomalayan Nebularmis species (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) provoke a discussion on its intrageneric diversity. Zoological Letters, 7 (1). [DOI:10.1186/s40851-021-00172-0]
37. Gąsiorek, P., Vončina, K., Zając, K. and Michalczyk, Ł. (2021b). Phylogeography and morphological evolution of Pseudechiniscus (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae). Scientific Reports, 11 (1). [DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-84910-6]
38. Gąsiorek, P., Vončina, K., Kristensen, R. M. and Michalczyk, Ł. (2021c). High Mountain Echiniscid (Heterotardigrada) fauna of Taiwan. Zoological Studies, 60: 70.
39. Gouy, M., Guindon, S. and Gascuel, O. (2010). SeaView version 4: A multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building. Molecular Biology and Evolution: 27, 221-224. [DOI:10.1093/molbev/msp259]
40. Grigarick, A. A., Schuster R. O. and Nelson D. R. (1983). Heterotardigrada of Venezuela (Tardigrada). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 59: 64-77.
41. Grimaldi de Zio, S., D'Addabbo Gallo, M. and Morone de Lucia, M. R. (1988). Two new Mediterranean species of the genus Halechiniscus (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada). Bolletino di zoologia, 55 (1-4): 205-211. [DOI:10.1080/11250008809386618]
42. Guidetti, R. and Bertolani, R. (2005). Tardigrade taxonomy: an updated check list of the taxa and a list of characters for their identification. Zootaxa, 845: 1-46. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.845.1.1]
43. Guidetti, R., Rebecchi, L., Cesari, M. and McInnes, S. J. (2014). Mopsechiniscus franciscae, a new species of a rare genus of Tardigrada from continental Antarctica. Polar Biology, 37 (9): 1221-1233. [DOI:10.1007/s00300-014-1514-x]
44. Guil, N., Jørgensen, A. and Kristensen, R. (2019). An upgraded comprehensive multilocus phylogeny of the Tardigrada tree of life. Zoologica Scripta: 48: 120-137. [DOI:10.1111/zsc.12321]
45. Hallas, T. E. and Kristensen, R. M. (1982). Two new species of the tidal genus Echiniscoides from Rhode Island, U.S.A. (Echiniscoididae, Heterotardigrada). In: Nelson, D. R. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Tardigrada, East Tennessee State University Press, Johnson City, Tennessee, pp. 179-192.
46. Hansen, J. G., Kristensen, R. M. and Jørgensen, A. (2012). The armoured marine tardigrades (Arthrotardigrada, Tardigrada). The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. Scientia Danica, Series B, Biologica, 2: 1-91.
47. Hansen, J. G., Kristensen, R. M., Jørgensen, A., Accogli, G., D'Addabbo, R. and Gallo, M. (2016). Postembryonic development, paedomorphosis, secondary sexual dimorphism and population structure of a new Florarctus species (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 178 (4): 871-877. [DOI:10.1111/zoj.12436]
48. Jørgensen, A., Faurby, S., Hansen, J. G., Møbjerg, N. and Kristensen, R. M. (2010). Molecular phylogeny of Arthrotardigrada (Tardigrada). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 54: 1006-1015. [DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.006]
49. Jørgensen, A., Møbjerg, N. and Kristensen, R. M. (2011). Phylogeny and evolution of the Echiniscidae (Echiniscoidea, Tardigrada) - an investigation of the congruence between molecules and morphology. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 49: 6-16. [DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00592.x]
50. Kaczmarek, Ł. and Michalczyk, Ł. (2004). A new species Bryodelphax asiaticus sp. nov. (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from Mongolia (Central Asia). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 52: 599-602.
51. Kaczmarek, Ł., Michalczyk, Ł. and Degma, P. (2005). A new species of Tardigrada
52. Bryodelphax brevidentatus sp. nov. (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from China (Asia). Zootaxa, 1080: 33-45. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.1080.1.3]
53. Kaczmarek, Ł., Zawierucha, K., Smykla, J. and Michalczyk, Ł. (2012). Tardigrada of the Revdelen (Spitsbergen) with the descriptions of two new species: Bryodelphax parvuspolaris (Heterotardigrada) and Isohypsibius coulsoni (Eutardigrada). Polar Biology, 35: 1013-1026. [DOI:10.1007/s00300-011-1149-0]
54. Kaczmarek, Ł., Parnikoza, I., Gawlak, M., Esefeld, J., Peter, H-U., Kozeretska, I. and Roszkowska, M. (2018). Tardigrades from Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823 nests on the Argentine Islands (maritime Antarctic). Polar Biology, 41: 283-301. [DOI:10.1007/s00300-017-2190-4]
55. Kaczmarek, Ł., Kayastha, P., Gawlak, M., Mioduchowska, M. and Roszkowska, M. (2021). An integrative description of Diploechiniscus oihonnae (Richters, 1903) population from near the original type locality in Merok (Norway). Zootaxa, 4964 (1): 083-102. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4964.1.4]
56. Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B., Wong, T., von Haeseler, A. and Jermiin, L.S. (2017). ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods, 14: 587-589. [DOI:10.1038/nmeth.4285]
57. Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. and Miyata, T. (2002). MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Research, 30 (14): 3059-3066. [DOI:10.1093/nar/gkf436]
58. Kayastha, P., Roszkowska, M., Mioduchowska, M., Gawlak, M. and Kaczmarek, Ł. (2021). Integrative Descriptions of Two New Tardigrade Species along with the New Record of Mesobiotus skorackii Kaczmarek et al., 2018 from Canada. Diversity, 13 (8): 394-421. [DOI:10.3390/d13080394]
59. Kiosya, Y., Vončina, K. and Gąsiorek, P. (2021). Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius. Evolutionary Systematics, 5: 93-120. [DOI:10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997]
60. Kristensen, R. M. (1987). Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) with a discussion of the origin of the family. In: Bertolani, R. (Ed.), Biology of Tardigrades. Selected Symposia and Monographs, :union:e Zoologica Italiana. pp. 261-335.
61. Kristensen, R. M. and Higgins, R. P. (1984). A New Family of Arthrotardigrada (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) from the Atlantic Coast of Florida, U.S.A. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 103 (3): 295-311. [DOI:10.2307/3226191]
62. Kristensen, R. M. and Higgins, R. P. (1989). Marine Tardigrada from the Southeastern United States Coastal Waters I. Paradoxipus orzeliscoides n. gen., n. sp. (Arthrotardigrada: Halechiniscidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 108 (3): 262-282. [DOI:10.2307/3226344]
63. Kristensen, R. M., Michalczyk, Ł. and Kaczmarek, Ł. (2010). The first record of the genus Bryodelphax (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from Easter Island, Rapa Nui (Pacific Ocean, Chile) with the description of a new species, Bryodelphax aaseae. Zootaxa, 2343 (1): 45-56. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.2343.1.4]
64. Kumar, S., Stecher, G. and Tamura, K. (2016). MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33: 1870-1874. [DOI:10.1093/molbev/msw054]
65. Larsson, A. (2014). AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large data sets. Bioinformatics, 30 (22): 3276-3278. [DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531]
66. Lisi, O., Daza, A., Londoño, R. and Quiroga, S. (2017). Echiniscidae from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, new records and a new species of Bryodelphax Thulin, 1928 (Tardigrada). ZooKeys, 703: 1-14. [DOI:10.3897/zookeys.703.12537]
67. Marcus, E. (1927). Zur Anatomie und Ökologie mariner Tardigraden. Zoologische Janhbücher, 53: 487-588.
68. Marcus, E. (1936). Tardigrada, In: Hesse, R. (Ed.), Das Tierreich, 66. Lieferung. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin. pp. 1-340.
69. Maucci, W. (1986). Fauna d'Italia: Tardigrada. Edizioni Calderini,
70. Bologna, pp. 396.
71. Maucci, W. and Ramazzotti, G. (1981). Cornechiniscus gen. nov.: nuova posizione sistematica per i cosiddetti "Pseudechiniscus grouppo cornutus" con descrizione di una nuova specie (Tardigrada, Echiniscidae). Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 39: 147-151.
72. Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. and Schwartz, T. (2010). Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. 2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). pp. 1-8. [DOI:10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129]
73. Minh, B.Q., Schmidt, H.A., Chernomor, O., Schrempf, D., Woodhams M.D., von Haeseler, A. and Lanfear, R. (2020). IQ-TREE 2: New models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 37: 1530-1534. [DOI:10.1093/molbev/msaa015]
74. Møbjerg, N., Kristensen, R. M. and Jørgensen, A. (2016). Data from new taxa infer Isoechiniscoides gen. nov. and increase the phylogenetic and evolutionary understanding of echiniscoidid tardigrades (Echiniscoidea: Tardigrada). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 178 (4): 804-818. [DOI:10.1111/zoj.12500]
75. Møbjerg, N., Jørgensen, A. and Kristensen, R. M. (2019). Ongoing revision of Echiniscoididae (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscoidea), with the description of a new interstitial species and genus with unique anal structures. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 188 (3): 663-680. [DOI:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz122]
76. Murphy, S. and Fernandez, F. (2009). The development of methodologies to assess the conservation status of limestone pavement and associated habitats in Ireland. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 43. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.
77. Murray, J. (1905). Tardigrada of the Scottish Lochs. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 41: 677-698. [DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.12517]
78. Murray, J. (1906). Tardigrada of the Forth Valley, II. Annals of Scottish Natural History, 60: 214-217.
79. Murray, J. (1907). Scottish Tardigrada, collected by the Lake Survey. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 45 (3): 641-688. [DOI:10.1017/S0080456800011777]
80. Murray, J. (1910). Part V. Tardigrada. In: Murray, J. (Ed.). British Antarctic Expedition, 1907-9, under the command of Sir E.H. Shackleton, c.v.o., Reports on the Scientific Investigations, Biology Volume I. pp. 82-201.
81. Parr, S., Moran, J. and Ó Conchúir, R. (2009). Grasslands of the Burren, Western Ireland. In: Veen, P., Jefferson, R., de Smidt, J. and van der Straaten, J. (Eds.) Grasslands in Europe: Of High Natural Value. KNNV Publishing, Zeist, Netherlands. pp. 144-151.
82. Pérez-Pech, W. A., de Jesús-Navarrate, A., DeMilio, E., Anguas-Escalante, A. and Hansen, J. G. (2020). Marine Tardigrada from the Mexican Caribbean with the description of Styraconyx robertoi sp. nov. (Arthrotardigrada: Styraconyxidae). Zootaxa, 4731 (4): 492-508. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4731.4.3]
83. Perry, E., Miller, W. R. and Kaczmarek, Ł. (2019). Recommended abbreviations for the names of genera of the phylum Tardigrada. Zootaxa, 4608 (1): 145-154. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4608.1.8]
84. Petersen, B. (1951). The tardigrade fauna of Greenland, a faunistic study with some few ecological remarks. Meddelser om Grønland: 150 (5): 5-94.
85. Pilato, G. (1972). Prime osservazioni sui tardigradi delle Isole Egadi. Bollettino delle Sedute dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 4: 110-124.
86. Pilato, G. (1974). Tre nuove specie di tardigradi muscicoli di Cina. Animalia, 1: 59-68.
87. Pilato, G., Lisi, O. and Binda, M. G. (2010). Tardigrades of Israel with description of four new species. Zootaxa, 2665 (1): 1-28. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.2665.1.1]
88. Plate, L. H. (1888). Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Tardigraden. Zoologische Jahrbücher, 3: 487-550. [DOI:10.5962/bhl.part.1265]
89. Ramazzotti, G. and Maucci, W. (1983). Il Phylum Tardigrada (III. edizione riveduta e aggiornata). Memorie dell' Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 41: 1-1016.
90. Rambaut, A., Drummond, A. J., Xie, D., Baele, G., & Suchard, M.A. (2018). Posterior summarisation in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Systematic Biology, 67 (5): 901-904. [DOI:10.1093/sysbio/syy032]
91. Richters, F. (1902). Beiträge zur Kenntnis der fauna der Umgebung von Frankfurt am Main Erste Fortsetzung. Bericht der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main, 34: 3-21.
92. Richters, F. (1926). Tardigrada. In: Kükenthal, W. and Krumbach, T. (Eds.) Handbuch der Zoologie 3, Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin and Leipzig, pp. 1-68.
93. Rocha, A., Doma, I., Gonzalez Reyes, A. and Lisi, O. (2020). Two new tardigrade species (Echiniscidae and Doryphoribiidae) from the Salta province (Argentina). Zootaxa, 4878 (2): 267-286. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4878.2.3]
94. Ronquist, F. and Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003). MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19: 1572-1574. [DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180]
95. Schultze, C. A. S. (1840 ). Echiniscus Bellermanni; animal crustaceum. Berolini. Apud G. Reimer.
96. Schuster, R. O. (1975). A new species of Parechiniscus from Utah (Tardigrada: Echiniscidae). Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, Suppl. 32: 333-336.
97. Schuster, R. O. and Toftner, E. C. (1982). Dominican Republic Tardigrada. In: Nelson, D. R. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Tardigrada, East Tennessee State University Press, Johnson City, Tennessee, pp. 221-235.
98. Thulin, G. (1911). Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Tardigraden fauna Schwedens. Arkiv för Zoologi, 7: 1-60. [DOI:10.5962/bhl.part.1270]
99. Thulin, G. (1928). Über die Phylogenie und das System der Tardigraden. Hereditas, 11: 207-266. [DOI:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1928.tb02488.x]
100. Tumanov, D. V. (2005). Isohypsibius panovi, a new species of Tardigrada from Ireland (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae). Zootaxa, 812: 1-4. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.812.1.1]
101. Tumanov, D. V. (2020a). Analysis of non-morphometric morphological characters used in the taxonomy of the genus Pseudechiniscus (Tardigrada: Echiniscidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 188 (3): 735-775. [DOI:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz097]
102. Tumanov, D.V. (2020b). Integrative redescription of Hypsibius pallidoides Pilato et al., 2011 (Eutardigrada: Hypsibioidea) with the erection of a new genus and discussion on the phylogeny of Hypsibiidae. European Journal of Taxonomy, 681: 1-37. [DOI:10.5852/ejt.2020.681]
103. Urbanowicz, C. (1925). Sur la variabilité de Macrobio- tus oberhaeuseri. Bulletin biologique de la France et de la Belgique (Paris), 59: 124-142.
104. Vončina, K., Kristensen, R. M. and Gąsiorek, P. (2020). Pseudechiniscus in Japan: re-description of Pseudechiniscus asper Abe et al., 1998 and description of Pseudechiniscus shintai sp. nov. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 96 (2): 527-536. [DOI:10.3897/zse.96.53324]
105. Węglarska, B. (1959). Niesporczaki (Tardigrada) Polski I. Niesporczaki województwa krakowskiego. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 4: 699-745.
106. Wilson, S. and Fernández, F. (2013). National survey of limestone pavement and associated habitats in Ireland. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 73. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland. 215 pp.
107. Xue, J., Li, X., Wang, L., Xian, P. and Chen, H. (2017). Bryochoerus liupanensis sp. nov. and Pseudechiniscus chengi. sp. nov. (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from China. Zootaxa, 4291 (2): 324-334. [DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4291.2.5]
108. Yang, T. (2002). The Tardigrades from some mosses of Lijiang County in Yunnan Province (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae; Eutardigrada: Parachela: Macrobiotidae, Hypsibiidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 27: 53-64.

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

  | Journal of Animal Diversity

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb