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Showing 2 results for Cytogenetic
Valiollah Yousefi, Abdollah Najaphy, Alireza Zebarjadi, Hooshmand Safari,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Abstract
Thymus, an aromatic medicinal plant, is a well-known, perennial and woody herb from Lamiaceae family. Thymus is taxonomically a very complex genus with a high frequency of hybridization and introgression among sympatric species, and some species of this herb are endemic to Iran. In the present study, in order to identification genetic variability in this medicinal plant seven Thymus spp. accessions collected from different regions of Iran along with London agricultural species were studied by karyotypic characteristics. The secondary basic numbers in all ecotypes was x = 15 that probably originate from a primary basic number x = 7. The ploidy levels of these ecotypes were diploid and tetraploid. The Thymus ecotypes under study occupied classes 1A and 1B of Stebbins’ karyotype classification, indicating the presence of a primitive symmetrical karyotype in these ecotypes. The mean chromosome length ranged from 1.03 to 1.53 µm. chromosome types were detected as metacentric “m”. Furthermore, the cluster analysis using chromosomal parameters and based on UPGMA assigned the ecotypes into four groups.
Hamideh Javadi, Parvin Salehi Shanjani,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
German chamomile, Matricaria recutita L., is a medicinal plant of Asteraceae family, which is known as the "star" among medicinal species and its use dates back to the time of the Egyptian pharaohs. In this study, four populations of M. recutita that were collected from different parts of Iran, were studied for chromosome and karyotypic characteristics. Squash method with Hematoxylin staining was used to prepare microscopic slides. Microscopic observations showed the number of somatic chromosomes was 2n=18 for all populations. The length (TL, LA and SA) and symmetry karyotype (AR, CI, TF%, DRL, SC, LA% and SA%), as well inter and intra chromosome asymmetry (A1 and A2) were calculated. Karyotypic formula analysis showed the predominance of metacentric chromosomes in all populations. Based on mean of measured traits, the longest chromosome and genome belonged to population 15123 (Arak). According to Stebbins classification, populations were categorized in two groups. Karyotype symmetry factors showed that two populations 15123 (Arak) and 8959 (Borujen) had asymmetric and symmetric karyotypes, respectively. In PCA, the first three components could explain the entire diversity of populations. The most diversity of populations was for chromosome length traits. According to Ward's clustering method, the populations were placed in three groups at a genetic distance of 2.32. In general, the existence of high genetic and cytogenetic diversity indicates the existence of high potential in the improvement of Matricaria genus and cross-breeding activities. The data obtained from this research are used in the future breeding programs of Matricaria L.
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