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Showing 4 results for Chromosome
Valiollah Yousefi, Abdollah Najaphy, Alireza Zebarjadi, Hooshmand Safari,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Abstract
Thymus, an aromatic medicinal plant, is a well-known, perennial and woody herb from Lamiaceae family. Thymus is taxonomically a very complex genus with a high frequency of hybridization and introgression among sympatric species, and some species of this herb are endemic to Iran. In the present study, in order to identification genetic variability in this medicinal plant seven Thymus spp. accessions collected from different regions of Iran along with London agricultural species were studied by karyotypic characteristics. The secondary basic numbers in all ecotypes was x = 15 that probably originate from a primary basic number x = 7. The ploidy levels of these ecotypes were diploid and tetraploid. The Thymus ecotypes under study occupied classes 1A and 1B of Stebbins’ karyotype classification, indicating the presence of a primitive symmetrical karyotype in these ecotypes. The mean chromosome length ranged from 1.03 to 1.53 µm. chromosome types were detected as metacentric “m”. Furthermore, the cluster analysis using chromosomal parameters and based on UPGMA assigned the ecotypes into four groups.
Zahra Gholamzadeh, Hamideh Javadi, Maryam Pezhmanmehr, Mehrnaz Hatami,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
Astragalus with more than 800 species is one of the largest plant species in Iran and most of its species are medicinal and native. In this study, karyotypic characteristics of 21 populations from 13 species including A. vegetus, A. iranicus, A. vanillae, A. chrysostachys, A. glycyphyllos, A. bombycinos, A. campylorrhynchus, A. macrourus, A. caragana, A. ebenoides, A. pseudocyclophyllus, A. stevenianus and A. jodostachys were examined and compared. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the populations in terms of all measured traits (TL, LA, SA, AR, CI, TF%, DRL, LA% and SA%), except for traits A1 and A2. Population 25786 of A. vegetus species from Khorasan with average length of 4.51 μm had the highest total chromosome length and population 13764 of A. vanillae species from Qom with 2.67 μm had the lowest mean total chromosome length. According to the values of AR, CI, TF%, A1, A2, DRL, LA% and SA%, population 3421 of A. vegetus species is the most asymmetric and population 29586 of species A. campylorrhynchus had the most symmetrical karyotype.
Elham Azizi, Najmeh Salehan, Raheleh Rahbarian, Ali Masoomi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is a common widely utilized medicinal plant, especially in tropical regions. To explore the cytogenetic characteristics of purslane, an experiment was conducted on five landraces of purslane, including Qom, Khoy, Kalat, Yazd and Gachsaran in Payame Noor University of Mashhad, Iran. The results showed that in all five landraces, the basic chromosomes number was x=9; two landraces (Qom and Yazd) were tetraploid (2n=4x=36) and three landraces (Gachsaran, Khoy and Kalat) were diploid (2n=2x=18). Chromosome type was meta-centric and sub-meta-centric. The landraces of Khoy and Yazd had the longest and the shortest chromosomes respectively. In all landrace, the short arm size ranged from 5.93 µm to 8.07 µm and the long arm size ranged from 9.21 µm to 10.04 µm. According to the Stebbins' Table, landrace of Qom was the member of class 1B and others were members of class 1A. This represents a similar and primary evolutionary situation between landraces. In the clustering of different landraces in terms of karyotypic traits, Khoy and Kalat landraces were placed in one cluster and each of Gachsaran, Yazd and Qom landraces were placed in separate branches. PCA showed that the first three traits as Length of Long arm, Length of short arm and Length of total chromosome explained more than 97% of the total variation among the landraces. In general, considering the medicinal properties and wide distribution of purslane, determining the ploidy level and chromosomal study of different landraces of this plant can be effective in breeding and increasing its quantitative and qualitative production.
Hamideh Javadi, Parvin Salehi Shanjani,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
German chamomile, Matricaria recutita L., is a medicinal plant of Asteraceae family, which is known as the "star" among medicinal species and its use dates back to the time of the Egyptian pharaohs. In this study, four populations of M. recutita that were collected from different parts of Iran, were studied for chromosome and karyotypic characteristics. Squash method with Hematoxylin staining was used to prepare microscopic slides. Microscopic observations showed the number of somatic chromosomes was 2n=18 for all populations. The length (TL, LA and SA) and symmetry karyotype (AR, CI, TF%, DRL, SC, LA% and SA%), as well inter and intra chromosome asymmetry (A1 and A2) were calculated. Karyotypic formula analysis showed the predominance of metacentric chromosomes in all populations. Based on mean of measured traits, the longest chromosome and genome belonged to population 15123 (Arak). According to Stebbins classification, populations were categorized in two groups. Karyotype symmetry factors showed that two populations 15123 (Arak) and 8959 (Borujen) had asymmetric and symmetric karyotypes, respectively. In PCA, the first three components could explain the entire diversity of populations. The most diversity of populations was for chromosome length traits. According to Ward's clustering method, the populations were placed in three groups at a genetic distance of 2.32. In general, the existence of high genetic and cytogenetic diversity indicates the existence of high potential in the improvement of Matricaria genus and cross-breeding activities. The data obtained from this research are used in the future breeding programs of Matricaria L.
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